{"id":296,"date":"2024-03-31T21:59:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-31T13:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=296"},"modified":"2024-09-30T11:26:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T03:26:47","slug":"%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=296","title":{"rendered":"\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u6216<code>windows<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u767b\u5f55<code>QQ<\/code>\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u534e\u4e3a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u7b49<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>root<\/code>\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u6545\u969c<br \/>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7528\u6237UID<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1~200<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>201~999<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1000+<\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237ID\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>id<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># id  # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) \u7ec4=0(root)\n# id www  # \u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\nuid=666(www) gid=666(www) \u7ec4=666(www)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u653e\u5728<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u50a8\u5728<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>passwd\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<code>man passwd<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711895184049.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>shadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<code>man shadow<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1714837394583.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237useradd<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>useradd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e86<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9009\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-u<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51b2\u7a81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-g<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-G<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-d<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-s<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684bash shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-c<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-M<\/td>\n<td>\u7ed9\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-r<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa<code>blue<\/code>\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237ID\u4e3a<code>6969<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>ops<\/code>\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<code>dev<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<code>2000 new student<\/code>\uff0c\u767b\u5f55<code>shell:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd ops\ngroupadd dev\nuseradd -u 6969 -g ops -G dev -c &quot;2000 new student&quot; -s \/bin\/bash\/ bule<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<code>mysql<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li>\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>useradd -r mysql -M -s \/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237usermod<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u4fee\u6539<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>usermod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9009\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-u<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684UID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-g<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-G<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-d<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-s<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684bash shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-c<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-l<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-L<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-U<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539<code>blue<\/code>\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li><code>uid<\/code>\u4e3a5008\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>network<\/code>\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>ops\uff0cdev\uff0csa<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a<code>student<\/code>\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a<code>new_bule<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd network\nusermod blue -c &quot;student&quot; -g network -G ops,dev,sa -l new_bule<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539<code>new_blue<\/code>\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a<code>new_blue<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u9501\u5b9a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u9501\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<br \/>\n<code>awk -F : &#039;$3&gt;=1000 {print $1}&#039; \/etc\/passwd | sed -r &#039;s#(.*)#userdel -r \\1#g&#039; | bash<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin new_blue\nusermod -L new_blue\nusermod -U new_blue<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237userdel<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>userdel<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e86<\/p>\n<h5>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5220\u9664<code>new_bule<\/code>\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fde\u540c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>userdel -r new_blue<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b64\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>awk<\/code>\u63d0\u53d6\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>sed<\/code>\u62fc\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528<code>userdel<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>awk -F : &#039;$3&gt;=1000 {print $1}&#039; \/etc\/passwd | sed &#039;s\/^\/userdel -r \/&#039; | bash<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801passwd<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u4f7f\u7528<code>passwd<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u66f4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b8\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u591a\u957f\u6216\u591a\u77ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\uff08\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5c06<em>\u8f6f\u4ef6|\u7cfb\u7edf<\/em>\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u8be5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u66f4\u76f8\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">password  # \u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\npasswd root  # \u7ed9root\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\npasswd blue  # \u7ed9blue\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7b80\u5355\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>echo &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin root<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">yum install expect\necho $(mkpasswd -l 10 -d 2 -c 2 -C 2 -s 4) | tee pass.txt | passwd --stdin blue<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53c2\u8003\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/default\/useradd<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\/etc\/login.defs<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code>\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6<code>UID<\/code>\u5212\u5206\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">grep -Ev &quot;^#|^$&quot; \/etc\/login.defs\nMAIL_DIR        \/var\/spool\/mail\nPASS_MAX_DAYS   99999\nPASS_MIN_DAYS   0\nPASS_MIN_LEN    5\nPASS_WARN_AGE   7\nUID_MIN                  1000\nUID_MAX                 60000\nSYS_UID_MIN               201\nSYS_UID_MAX               999\nGID_MIN                  1000\nGID_MAX                 60000\nSYS_GID_MIN               201\nSYS_GID_MAX               999\nCREATE_HOME     yes\nUMASK           077\nUSERGROUPS_ENAB yes\nENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\/etc\/default\/useradd<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/default\/useradd<\/code>\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62f7\u8d1d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u90ae\u7bb1\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/default\/useradd\n# useradd defaults file\nGROUP=100\nHOME=\/home  # \u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u5728\/home\nINACTIVE=-1  # \u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u505c\u6743\uff0c-1\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\nEXPIRE=  # \u8d26\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash  # \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u7528\u7684shell\u7c7b\u578b\nSKEL=\/etc\/skel  # \u914d\u7f6e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u8def\u5f84\nCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes  # \u521b\u5efamail\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e22\u5931\u6848\u4f8b<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6267\u884c<code>rm -rf .*<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u6210\u4e86<code>-bash-4.1$<\/code>,\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5219\u53ef\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">-bash-4.1$ cp -a \/etc\/skel\/.bash* .\/\n-bash-4.1$ exit<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4<code>linux<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece<code>\/etc\/skel<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7531<code>\/etc\/default\/useradd<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9700\u4ece\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u6545\u969c<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f52\u7eb3\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<br \/>\n<h4>\u7ec4\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<code>-g<\/code>\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u4eb2\u7239\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7<code>-G<\/code>\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u5e72\u7239\uff09<br \/>\n<h5>group\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/group<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1712493269743.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>gshadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/gshadow<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1712493393014.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4groupadd<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0<code>linux<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>groupadd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e86<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9009\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-f<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-g<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7f6eGID\uff0c\u82e5GID\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u63d0\u793aGID\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-r<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a<code>salary<\/code>\u7684\u7ec4\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u7ec4\u8bbe\u5b9a<code>gid<\/code>\u4e3a10000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd salary -g 10000\ntail -1 \/etc\/group\nsalary:x:10000:<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a<code>salary_2<\/code>\u7684\u7ec4\n<ul>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd -r salary_2\ntail -1 \/etc\/group\nsalary_2:x:988:<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4groupmod<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u6539<code>linux<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>groupmod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e86<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9009\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-f<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-g<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7f6eGID\uff0c\u82e5GID\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u63d0\u793aGID\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-r<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-n<\/td>\n<td>\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539<code>salary<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ec4\u540d\u4e3a<code>system<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -n system salary\ntail -1 \/etc\/group\nsystem:x:10000:<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539<code>system<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<code>GID<\/code>\u4e3a5000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod system -g 5000\ntail -1 \/etc\/group\nsystem:x:5000:<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5220\u9664\u7ec4groupdel<\/h4>\n<p>\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664<code>linux<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>groupdel<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e86<\/p>\n<h5>\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5220\u9664<code>salary_2<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<br \/>\n<code>groupdel salary_2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa<code>tom<\/code>\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>system<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5220\u9664<code>system<\/code>\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd tom -g system\ngroupdel system\ngroudel:cannot remove the primary group of user &#039;tom&#039;\n# \u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u6237\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u540e\u518d\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\nuserdel -r tom  # -r\u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\ngroupdel system<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u521b\u5efa<code>dev<\/code>\u4e0e<code>ops<\/code>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>2.\u521b\u5efa<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>dev<\/code>\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a123<\/li>\n<li>3.\u521b\u5efa<code>alice<\/code>\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>ops<\/code>\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a123<\/li>\n<li>4.\u521b\u5efa<code>\/opt\/resource<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3a<code>ops<\/code>\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e3a664<\/li>\n<li>5.\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0<code>alice<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u800c<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b<\/li>\n<li>6.\u73b0\u5728\u5e0c\u671b<code>bob<\/code>\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u4e3a<code>bob<\/code>\u6dfb\u52a0<code>ops<\/code>\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd dev\ngroupadd ops\nuseradd bob -g dev\nuseradd alice -g ops<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin bob\necho &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin alice<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u914d\u597d\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;data&quot; &gt; \/opt\/resource\nchgrp ops \/opt\/resource\nchmod 664 \/opt\/resource<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>ops<\/code>\u7ec4\u7684<code>alice<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;alice-data&quot; &gt;&gt; \/opt\/resource\ncat \/opt\/resource\ndata\nalice-data<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>dev<\/code>\u7ec4\u7684<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;bob-data&quot; &gt;&gt; \/opt\/resource\n-bash: \/opt\/resource\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\ncat \/opt\/resource\ndata\nalice-data<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0<code>ops<\/code>\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u80fd\u501f\u52a9<code>ops<\/code>\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod bob -G ops\nid bob\nuid=1002(bob) gid=2020(dev) groups=2020(dev),2021(ops)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0<code>bob<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u501f\u52a9<code>ops<\/code>\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &quot;bob-data&quot; &gt;&gt; \/opt\/resource\ncat \/opt\/resource\ndata\nalice-data\nbob-data<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6743\u9650\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u6743<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f80\u5f80\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u7981\u6b62<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c<code>\/sbin<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<code>su\u3001sudo<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li><code>su switch user<\/code>\u8eab\u4efd\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<code>su<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u5230<code>root<\/code>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b80\u5355<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053<code>root<\/code>\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>sudo<\/code>\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5207\u6362\u81f3<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>su\u547d\u4ee4\u8eab\u4efd\u5207\u6362<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>su<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362<br \/>\n<h5>su\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>su - username<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u3010\u5c5e\u4e8e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\u3011<\/li>\n<li><code>su username<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u3010\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528<code>su<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u5230<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165<code>root<\/code>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[test@wordpress ~]$ su - root\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\n[root@wordpress ~]# pwd\n\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<code>su -c username<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[root@wordpress ~]# su - test -c &#039;ls ~ -a&#039;\n.  ..  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>Shell\u767b\u5f55\u5206\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55<code>shell<\/code>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u767b\u5f55<code>shell<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165<code>shell<\/code>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd0\u884c<code>bash<\/code>\u4f1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\u4e0e\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\n<ul>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a<code>\/etc\/profile-&gt;\/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh-&gt;~\/.bash_profile-&gt;~\/.bashrc-&gt;\/etc\/bashrc<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f<code>shell<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a<code>\/.bashrc-&gt;\/etc\/bashrc-&gt;\/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>profile<\/code>\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u548c\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code>bashrc<\/code>\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>~\/.bash_profile<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/profile<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/bashrc<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u6743<\/h4>\n<h5>sudo\u7684\u7531\u6765<\/h5>\n<p><code>su<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u5207\u6362\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u5230<code>root<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u534f\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86<code>root<\/code>\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86<code>sudo<\/code><br \/>\n\u5176\u5b9e<code>sudo<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u6d69\u514b<code>hulk<\/code>\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u6012\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n<h5>sudo\u5feb\u901f\u8d77\u6b65<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5feb\u901f\u914d\u7f6e<code>sudo<\/code>\u65b9\u5f0f\n<ol>\n<li>\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165<code>wheel<\/code>\u7ec4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4<code>wheel<\/code>\u7ec4\u6709<code>sudo<\/code>\u6743\u9650<br \/>\n<code>usermod xxx -G wheel<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd<br \/>\n<code>su - xxx<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664<code>\/opt<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rm -rf \/opt\/\nrm:cannot remove \/opt:Permission denied<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>sudo<\/code>\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5220\u9664\u65e0\u6743\u9650\u7684<code>\/opt<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n<code>sudo rm -rf \/opt\/<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u540e\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u770b\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u6743\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c<br \/>\n<code>tail -f \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>sudo\u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u901a\u8fc7<code>sudo<\/code>\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u4ec5\u5f00\u542f\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237--&gt;\u7ec4--&gt;\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd ops1\nuseradd ops2\nuseradd dev1\nuseradd dev2\necho &quot;1&quot; | passwd --stdin ops1\necho &quot;2&quot; | passwd --stdin ops2\necho &quot;1&quot; | passwd --stdin dev1\necho &quot;1&quot; | passwd --stdin dev2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728<code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">visudo  # vim \/etc\/sudoers\n# \u4f7f\u7528sudo\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u4e2a\u548c\u7cfb\u7edfgroup\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\nUser_Alias OPS = ops1,ops2\nUser_Alias DEV = dev1,dev2\n# \u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u547d\u4ee4\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\nCmnd_Alias NETWORKING = \/sbin\/ifconfig,\/bin\/ping\nCmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = \/bin\/rpm,\/usr\/bin\/yum\nCmnd_Alias SERVICES = \/sbin\/service,\/usr\/bin\/systemctl start\nCmnd_Alias STORAGE = \/bin\/mount,\/bin\/umount\nCmnd_Alias DELEGATING = \/bin\/chown,\/bin\/chmod,\/bin\/chgrp\nCmnd_Alias PROCESSES = \/bin\/nice,\/bin\/kill,\/usr\/bin\/kill,\/usr\/bin\/killall\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4e3aOPS\/DEV\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u540d\u79f0\nOPS ALL=(ALL) NETWORKING,SOFTWARE,SERVICES,STORAGE,DELEGATING,PROCESSES\nDEV ALL=(ALL) SOFTWARE,PROCESSES<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u767b\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684<code>sudo<\/code>\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u68c0\u67e5ops1\u7528\u6237sudo\u6743\u9650\nsudo -l\npassword for osp1:\nuser ops1 may run the following commands on wordpress:\n(ALL) \/sbin\/ifconfig,\/bin\/ping,\/bin\/rpm,\/usr\/bin\/yum,\/sbin\/service,\/usr\/bin\/systemctl start,\/bin\/mount,\/bin\/umount,\/bin\/chown,\/bin\/chmod,\/bin\/chgrp,\/bin\/nice,\/bin\/kill,\/usr\/bin\/kill,\/usr\/bin\/killall<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>sudo\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>sudo<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c<code>sudo<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5<code>\/var\/db\/sudo<\/code>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8be5\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5219\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u62a5\u9519\u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1712804207015.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><br \/>\n<code>sudo<\/code>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<h5>sudo\u76f8\u5173\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u6388\u4e88<code>jack<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7<code>sudo<\/code>\u6267\u884c<code>ls,sed,awk<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6743\u9650<br \/>\n<code>jack All=(ALL) \/bin\/ls,\/bin\/sed,\/bin\/awk<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6388\u4e88<code>alice<\/code>\u7528\u6237<code>sudo<\/code>\u6267\u884c<code>linux<\/code>\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801<br \/>\n<code>alice ALL=(ALL)   NOPASSWD:ALL<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6388\u6743<code>blue<\/code>\u7528\u6237\uff0c<code>sudo<\/code>\u6267\u884c<code>passwd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u552f\u72ec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<br \/>\n<code>blue ALL=(ALL) \/bin\/passwd [a-z]*,!\/bin\/passwd root<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237 \u7528\u6237\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55linux\u6216windows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u767b\u5f55QQ\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u534e\u4e3a&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=296\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=296"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1497,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions\/1497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}