{"id":524,"date":"2024-04-13T19:13:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T11:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=524"},"modified":"2024-12-14T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T07:43:01","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e5%88%92%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=524","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48crond<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>crond<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95f9\u949f\u3002\u5b9a\u70b9\u6267\u884c<br \/>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981crond<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>crond<\/code>\u4e3b\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f1\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f2\uff1a\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u51c6\u70b9\u5f00\u542f\u62a2\u8d2d\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u51c6\u70b9\u5173\u95ed\u62a2\u8d2d\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f3\uff1a\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8d85\u65f6\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc730\u5206\u949f\u672a\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u6d88<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f4\uff1a\u6bcf\u96945\u5206\u949f\u4e0a\u5404\u4e2a\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5237\u53d6\u8ba2\u5355\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5207\u5272<\/li>\n<li>2.\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u8d85\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u57fa\u672c\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<h4>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u95f4\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n<p><code>crontab # maintain crontab files for individual users<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>crontab<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/crontab\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash  # \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\nPATH=\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin  # \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\nMAILTO=root  # \u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u7ed9\u8c01\n# For details see man 4 crontabs\n# Example of job definition:\n# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)  # \u5206\u949f\n# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)  # \u5c0f\u65f6\n# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)  # \u65e5\u671f\n# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...  # \u6708\u4efd\n# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat  # \u661f\u671f\n# |  |  |  |  |\n# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed\n# * \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\uff08\u5206\u3001\u65f6\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u6708\u3001\u5468\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u6267\u884c\n# - \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u59825-7\u70b9\n# , \u8868\u793a\u5206\u9694\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u59826,0,4\u8868\u793a\u5468\u516d\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u56db\n# \/n \u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u9694n\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982*\/10 \u6bcf10\u5206\u949f<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u5199\u8303\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u4e0b\u662f\u5df2\u7f16\u597d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">00 02 * * * ls  # \u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 1 * * ls  # \u6bcf\u6708\u76841\u65e5\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 14 2 * ls  # \u6bcf\u5e74\u76842\u670814\u65e5\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 * * 7 ls  # \u6bcf\u5468\u661f\u671f\u5929\u7684\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 * 6 5 ls  # \u6bcf\u5e74\u76846\u6708\u5468\u4e94\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 14 * 7 ls  # \u6bcf\u670814\u65e5\u6216\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u7684\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n00 02 14 2 7 ls  # \u6bcf\u5e74\u76842\u670814\u65e5\u6216\u6bcf\u5e742\u6708\u7684\u661f\u671f\u5929\u7684\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6574\u6267\u884c\n*\/10 02 * * * ls  # \u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u969410\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c1\u6b21\uff0c2:00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c2:50\u7ed3\u675f\n* * * * * ls  # \u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u90fd\u6267\u884c\n00 00 14 2 * ls  # \u6bcf\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u51cc\u6668\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\n*\/5 * * * * ls  # \u6bcf\u96945\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4f9d\u6b21\n00 02 * 1,5,8 * ls  # \u6bcf\u5e74\u76841\u67085\u67088\u6708\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6267\u884c\n00 02 1-8 * * ls  # \u6bcf\u67081\u53f7\u52308\u53f7\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6267\u884c\n00 21 * * * ls  # \u6bcf\u5929\u665a\u4e0a21:00\u6267\u884c\n45 4 1,10,22 * * ls  # \u6bcf\u67081\u65e5\uff0c10\u65e5\uff0c22\u65e5\u76844:45\u6267\u884c\n3,15 8-11 *\/2 * * ls  # \u6bcf\u9694\u4e24\u5929\u7684\u4e0a\u53488\u70b9\u523011\u70b9\u7684\u7b2c3\u548c\u7b2c15\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\n00 23-7\/1 * * * ls  # \u665a\u4e0a11\u70b9\u5230\u65e9\u4e0a7\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u90fd\u6267\u884c\n15 21 * * 1-5 ls  # \u5468\u4e00\u5230\u5468\u4e94\u6bcf\u5929\u665a\u4e0a21:15\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4f7f\u7528crond\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>crontab<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-e<\/td>\n<td>edit user's crontab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-l<\/td>\n<td>list user's crontab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-r<\/td>\n<td>delete user's crontab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-u<\/td>\n<td>define user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f1-\u5b9a\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u7528\u6237\u6bcf5\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5982\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\nntpdate time.windows.com &amp;&gt; \/dev\/null\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\ncrontab -e -u root\n*\/5 * * * * ntpdate time.windows.com &amp;&gt; \/dev\/null\ncrontab -l -u root<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f2-\u6bcf\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6sync<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u4e0b\u53483\uff0c5\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21<code>sync<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">crontab -e\n*\/30 15,17 * * * sync &amp;&gt; \/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f3-\u6bcf\u5929\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u66683\u70b9\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5907\u4efd<code>\/etc\/<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u5230<code>\/backup\/<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>2.\u6bcf\u5929\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8981\u6c42\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>2020-01-01_hostname_etc.tar.gz<\/code><\/li>\n<li>3.\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>4.\u5b58\u653e\u5907\u4efd\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8981\u6c42\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\u9700\u6c42\nmkdir \/backup\ntar zcf $(date +%F)_$(hostname)_etc.tar.gz \/etc\nfind \/backup -name &quot;*.tar.gz&quot; -mtime +3 | xargs rm -f\n# \u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\nvim \/opt\/backup.sh\n#!\/usr\/bin\/bash\nmkdir \/backup\ntar zcf $(date +%F)_$(hostname)_etc.tar.gz \/etc\nfind \/backup -name &quot;*.tar.gz&quot; -mtime +3 | xargs rm -f\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\ncrontab -e\n00 03 * * * bash -x \/opt\/backup.sh &amp;&gt; \/tmp\/email.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u6ce8\u91ca<\/li>\n<li>2.\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5199\u5165<code>shell<\/code>\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n<li>3.\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709<code>&amp;&gt; \/dev\/null<\/code>\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<code>&gt;&gt; \/tmp\/date.log<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>4.\u6ce8\u610f\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u7684<code>echo &quot;123&quot; &gt;&gt; \/tmp\/test.log &amp;&gt; \/dev\/null<\/code><\/li>\n<li>5.\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5982\u4f55\u5907\u4efd<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5907\u4efd\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u81f3<code>\/var\/spool\/cron\/{username}<\/code>\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>2.\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9700\u901a\u8fc7<code>cp\u3001scp<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u5373\u53ef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6267\u884c\u4e86<code>crontab -r<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e<code>\/var\/log\/cron<\/code>\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e<code>CMD<\/code>\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u884c<\/li>\n<li>2.\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u7b97\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u62d2\u7edd\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>crond<\/code>\u5982\u4f55\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u4f7f\u7528<code>root<\/code>\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165<code>\/etc\/cron.deny<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>echo &quot;xxx&quot; &gt;&gt; \/etc\/cron.deny<\/code><\/p>\n<p>2.\u767b\u5f55\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">crontab -e\nYou (xxx) are not allowed to use this program(crontab)\nSee crontab(1) for more infomation<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0 \u4ec0\u4e48crond crond\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95f9\u949f\u3002\u5b9a\u70b9\u6267\u884c \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981cr&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=524\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=524"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1824,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524\/revisions\/1824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}