{"id":528,"date":"2024-04-13T19:13:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T11:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=528"},"modified":"2024-10-04T21:29:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T13:29:18","slug":"%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=528","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<h4>CentOS7<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714556132122.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a\u6307\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ea7\u522b<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>System V init\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/th>\n<th>systemd\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u79f0<\/th>\n<th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>runlevel0.target,poweroff.target<\/td>\n<td>\u5173\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>runlevel1.target,rescue.target<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>runlevel2.target,multi-user.target<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>runlevel3.target,multi-user.target<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u672c\u754c\u9762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>runlevel4.target,multi-user.target<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>runlevel5.target,graphical.target<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>runlevel6.target,reboot.target<\/td>\n<td>\u91cd\u542f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u8c03\u6574\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>systemd<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528<code>target<\/code>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<code>runlevels<\/code>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>multi-user.target<\/code>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b3<\/li>\n<li><code>graphical.target<\/code>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/p>\n<p><code>systemctl get-default<\/code><\/p>\n<p>3.\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">systemctl set-default TARGET.target\nll \/etc\/systemd\/system\/default.target\nlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 3\u6708  12 11:59 \/etc\/systemd\/system\/default.target -&gt; \/lib\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Systemd\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>systemd\u7684\u7531\u6765<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528<code>init<\/code>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7956\u5b97\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<code>init<\/code>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c<code>init<\/code>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e32\u884c\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>2.\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5f88\u591a\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u811a\u672c\u591a\u800c\u6742<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>centos5<\/code>\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff0c\u4e32\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li><code>centos6<\/code>\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f9d\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5219\u5e76\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n<li><code>centos7<\/code>\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u65e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u542f\u52a8\u800c\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u8bb0\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u5229\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u542f\u52a8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714563009736.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>systemd<\/code>\u5373\u4e3a<code>system daemon<\/code>\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c<code>systemd<\/code>\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bde\u751f<\/li>\n<li><code>systemd<\/code>\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>systemd\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u6700\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u91c7\u7528<code>systemd<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<code>RedHat7\u3001Centos7\u3001Ubuntu15<\/code><\/li>\n<li>2.<code>Centos7<\/code>\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u673a\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<li>3.<code>Centos7<\/code>\u5173\u673a\u53ea\u5173\u95ed\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c<code>Centos6<\/code>\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u6b21<\/li>\n<li>4.<code>Centos7<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u505c\u6b62\u4e0d\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<code>\/etc\/init.d<\/code>\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5728\u6709\u811a\u672c<\/li>\n<li>5.<code>Centos7<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528<code>systmed<\/code>\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u539f\u6709<code>service<\/code>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5173\u95ed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>systemd\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u505c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>systemctl<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\n<ul>\n<li><code>systemctl start crond<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl stop crond<\/code>\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl restart crond<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li><code>sysemctl reload crond<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl enable crond<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl disable crond<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl daemon-reload crond<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl list-unit-files<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u7981\u7528<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl is-enabled crond<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n<li><code>systemctl is-active crond<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>systemd\u7ba1\u7406Nginx<\/h4>\n<p>1.\u7f16\u8bd1<code>nginx<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wget http:\/\/nginx.org\/download\/nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz\ntar xf nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz\ncd nginx-1.21.1\n.\/configurs --prefix=\/usr\/local\/nginx-1.21.1 \\\n    --with-http_ssl_module \\\n    --with-http_stub_status_module\nmake &amp;&amp; make install\nln -s \/usr\/local\/nginx-1.21.1 \/usr\/local\/nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u5e38\u89c4\u542f\u52a8<code>nginx<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\/usr\/local\/nginx\/sbin\/nginx  # \u542f\u52a8\n\/usr\/local\/nginx\/sbin\/nginx -s reload  # \u91cd\u8f7d\n\/usr\/local\/nginx\/sbin\/nginx -s stop  # \u5173\u95ed<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.<code>systemd<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406<code>nginx<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Before\u3001After\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\n  # Before=xxx.service  \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u5728xxx.service\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u542f\u52a8\n  # After=xxx.service  \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u5728xxx.service\u4e4b\u540e\u542f\u52a8\n  # Wants=xxx.service  \u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\uff1b\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u672c\u670d\u52a1\n\ncat  \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/nginx.service\n[Unit]\nDescription=nginx - high performance web server\nDocumentation=http:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/\nAfter=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target\nWants=network-online.target\n\n[Service]\nType=forking\nPIDFile=\/var\/run\/nginx.pid\nExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/nginx -c \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\nExecReload=\/bin\/sh -c &quot;\/bin\/kill -s HUP $(\/bin\/cat \/var\/run\/nginx.pid)&quot;\nExecStop=\/bin\/sh -c &quot;\/bin\/kill -s TERM $(\/bin\/cat \/var\/run\/nginx.pid)&quot;\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<h4>\u573a\u666f1-\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bc6\u7801<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bc6\u7801\uff1f\u4ee5<code>cetos7<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u91cd\u542f<code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u51fa\u73b0\u5f15\u5bfc\u754c\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684<code>e<\/code>\u952e\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7f16\u8f91\u754c\u9762<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5728<code>linux6<\/code>\u8fd9\u884c\u7684\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0<code>enforceing=0 init=\/bin\/bash<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309<code>Ctrl + x<\/code>\u8fdb\u5165<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>1.<code>mount -o rw,remount \/<\/code>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\/\u5206\u533a\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>2.<code>echo &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin root<\/code>\uff1a\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>3.<code>exec \/sbin\/init<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u573a\u666f2-\u7cfb\u7edf\u635f\u574f\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u628a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u6302\u8f7d<code>ISO<\/code>\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539<code>BIOS<\/code>\uff0c\u8c03\u6574<code>DVD<\/code>\u5149\u76d8\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f15\u5bfc<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u9009\u62e9<code>Troubleshooting<\/code>\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u9009\u62e9<code>Rescue a CentOS system<\/code>\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8f93\u5165<code>1<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c<code>chroot \/mnt\/sysimage<\/code>\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u771f\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u573a\u666f3-\u8bef\u5220\u9664grub\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u590d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Centos<\/code>\u8bef\u5220\u9664<code>grub<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u8bef\u5220\u9664\u6545\u969c <code>rm -rf \/boot\/grub2<\/code> &amp;&amp; <code>reboot<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u63d0\u793a<code>grub<\/code>\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u5165\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6267\u884c<code>chroot \/mnt\/sysimage<\/code>\u6302\u8f7d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>grub2<\/code>\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u590d<\/li>\n<li><code>grub2-install \/dev\/sda<\/code> \u91cd\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0<code>mbr<\/code>\u5f15\u5bfc<\/li>\n<li><code>grub2-mkconfig -o \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg<\/code> \u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li><code>ls \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<h4>\u8c03\u6574yum\u6e90<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<code>yum<\/code>\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u56fd\u5916\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ad9\u70b9\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># base\nwget -O \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo https:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n# epel\nwget -O \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/epel.repo https:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/epel-7.repo<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9700\u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u671f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e91\u4e3b\u673a\uff1a\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u9632\u62a4<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5165\u53e3\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># firewalld\nsystemctl stop firewalld\nsystemctl disable firewalld\n# selinux\nsetenforce 0  # \u4e34\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\nsed -i &#039;\/^SELINUX=\/c SELINUX=disabled&#039; \/etc\/selinux\/config  # \u6c38\u4e45\u5173<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>ulimit\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ulimit<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\n<ul>\n<li><code>-u<\/code>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u76ee\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>-n<\/code>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf<\/h5>\n<p>1.\u9650\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u6253\u5f003\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p><code>ulimit -u 3<\/code><\/p>\n<p>2.\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">su - xxx\nsleep 1000 &amp;\n[1]10857\nsleep 1000 &amp;\n[1]10858\nsleep 1000 &amp;\n-bash:fork:retry:\u8d44\u6e90\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\n-bash:fork:retry:\u8d44\u6e90\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\n-bash:fork:retry:\u8d44\u6e90\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u9650\u5236\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf<\/h5>\n<p>1.\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e3a10<\/p>\n<p><code>ulimit -n 10<\/code><\/p>\n<p>2.\u7f16\u5199<code>python<\/code>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u62df\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat open_file.py\n#!\/usr\/bin\/env python\nimport time,os\nfrom threading import Thread\n\nprint(os.getpid())\n\ndef new_file(n):\n    with open(&#039;%s.file&#039; %n,mode=&#039;wt&#039;) as f1:\n        time.sleep(2000)\n\nif __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:\n    count=1\n    while True:\n        Thread(target=new_file,args=(count,)).start()\n        count+=1\n        time.sleep(2)\n# \u8fd0\u884c\npython open_file.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8d85\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">Exception in thread Thread-9:\nTraceback(most recent call last):\n  File &quot;\/usr\/lib64\/pytho2.7\/threading.py&quot;,line 812,in _bootstrap_inner\n  File &quot;\/usr\/lib64\/pytho2.7\/threading.py&quot;,line 765,in run\n  File &quot;open_file.py&quot;,line 9, in new_file\nIOError:[Errno 24] Too many open files: &#039;9.file&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u8c03\u6574ulimit\u9650\u5236\u53c2\u6570<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<code>ulimit<\/code>\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6c38\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\n<ul>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<code>\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/li>\n<li><code>soft<\/code>\uff1a\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5219\u63d0\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code>hard<\/code>\uff1a\u786c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5219\u505c\u6b62<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\n# max user processes\n* soft nproc 60000\n* hard nproc 60000\n# open files\n* soft nofile 100000\n* hard nofile 100000\n\n# \u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\ntail -f \/var\/log\/dmesg\nVFS:file-max limit 200 reached\n\n# \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\necho &quot;fs.file-max = 20000&quot; &gt;&gt; \/etc\/sysctl.conf\nsysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b CentOS7 \u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a\u6307\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ea7\u522b Sy&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=528\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=528"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1511,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528\/revisions\/1511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}