{"id":530,"date":"2024-04-13T19:14:44","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T11:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=530"},"modified":"2024-10-05T20:20:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T12:20:13","slug":"%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=530","title":{"rendered":"\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u7f51\u7edc<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u5173\u95ed\uff09\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d39\u52b2\u4e86<\/li>\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff09\n<ul>\n<li>\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5730\u57df\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<em>\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u4eab<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7f51\u7edc<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531<em>\u82e5\u5e72\u8282\u70b9<\/em>\u548c<em>\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9<\/em>\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf8\u591a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u628a\u5404\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0<em>\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93<\/em>\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u7f51\u7ebf\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u8baf\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u534f\u8bae\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u5165<code>internet<\/code>\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u5165<code>internet<\/code>\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86<code>OSI<\/code>\u4e03\u5c42\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u8baf\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\n<ul>\n<li>\uff08\u5e94\u3001\u8868\u3001\u4f1a\u3001\u4f20\u3001\u7f51\u3001\u6570\u3001\u7269\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e03\u5c42\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e94\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\uff08\u5e94\u3001\u4f20\u3001\u7f51\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7269\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u5361\u7f51\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b<br \/>\n\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f00\u5934\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff1b\u8981\u60f3\u53d8\u5f97\u7531\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982\uff1axx\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981<em>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/em>\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86<\/p>\n<h4>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9075\u5faa<code>ethernet<\/code>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>1.\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u5206\u4e3a<code>head<\/code>\u548c<code>data<\/code>\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d<code>head<\/code>\u957f\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a14\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u53e6\u67094\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\n<ul>\n<li><code>head<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u6e90<code>mac<\/code>\u5730\u5740\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u76ee\u7684<code>mac<\/code>\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6e90\u5730\u57406\u5b57\u8282\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u57406\u5b57\u8282\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b2\u5b57\u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>data<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u957f1500\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5236\u5c31\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5206\u7247\u53d1\u9001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2.\u4f46\u51e1\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u70e7\u5236\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u552f\u4e00\u7684<code>mac<\/code>\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>3.\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u662f\u778e\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f<em>\u5e7f\u64ad<\/em>\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9ed1\u5c4b\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u4fe1\u9760\u543c\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe<code>aa<\/code>\u8ba9<code>bb<\/code>\u4e70\u5305\u70df<br \/>\n1.\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u4e70\u70df\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5e72\u7cae\uff09<br \/>\n2.\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff1a<code>aa<\/code><br \/>\n3.\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a<code>bb<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6b64\u65f6\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709<code>bb<\/code>\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6536\u5230\u540e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u63a5\u5165\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u901a\u4fe1\n<ul>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u6b21\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u8bbe\u5907\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u5212\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u901a\u8fc7<em>\u7f51\u5173\/\u8def\u7531<\/em>\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5212\u5206\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185\u4e3b\u673a\u8981\u5f80\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5916\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7f51\u5173\/\u8def\u7531\u201d\u5e2e\u5176\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1b\u7f51\u5173\u548c\u5916\u754c\u901a\u4fe1\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c4\u5b9a1\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5206\u6210\uff1a<code>head<\/code>\u548c<code>data<\/code>\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210<br \/>\n<code>head<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u8005\/\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u8005\/\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n<code>data<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u89c4\u5b9a2\uff1a<code>IP<\/code>\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5212\u5206\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u4e2d<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684<code>IPv4<\/code>\u5730\u5740=<code>ip<\/code>\u5730\u5740\/\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e24\u53f0\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001\uff09\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff09<code>10.0.0.1--&gt;10.0.0.100<\/code><br \/>\n1.\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807<code>ip<\/code>\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<br \/>\n2.\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5e7f\u64ad<code>mac<\/code>\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u8de8\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff09<code>10.0.0.1--&gt;39.104.16.126<\/code><br \/>\n1.\u672c\u5730\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807ip\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u5173\u7684<code>mac<\/code>\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n2.\u672c\u5730\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u62c6\u89e3\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807<code>mac<\/code>\u662f\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5219\u9001\u5f80\u7f51\u5173\u8bbe\u5907<br \/>\n3.\u7f51\u5173\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u62c6\u89e3\u81f3\u4e8c\u5c42\u53d1\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u76ee\u6807<code>mac<\/code>\u662f\u7f51\u5173\u672c\u673a<code>mac<\/code><br \/>\n4.\u7f51\u5173\u5219\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c6\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u672c\u673a<br \/>\n5.\u7f51\u5173\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5c06\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u7684<code>wan<\/code>\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6e90<code>nat<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8<br \/>\n6.\u51fa\u53e3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7f51\u5173<br \/>\n\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5148\u8def\u7531\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6e90<code>nat<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u533a\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\u548c\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5462\uff1b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u5373\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7f51\u5361\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7f16\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e5f\u5206\u6210\uff1a<code>head<\/code>\u548c<code>data<\/code>\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\n<ul>\n<li><code>head<\/code>\uff1a\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u534f\u8bae\uff08<code>tcp\u3001udp<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>data<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713447358684.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684<code>http<\/code>\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u7684<code>snmtp<\/code>\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684<code>ftp<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>TCP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>tcp<\/code>\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb<em>\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u8def<\/em>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u8def\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u7f51\u7ebf\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/li>\n<li>\u865a\u62df\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u5230<code>ip<\/code>\u548c<code>port<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u865a\u62df\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8981\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u81f3\u6b64\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u94fe\u8def\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u8981\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u81f3\u6b64\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713492387970.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>tcp<\/code>\u534f\u8bae\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u53d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u5e8f\u53f7\uff08<code>seq<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\uff08<code>ack<\/code>\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a123\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\uff08123=123+1\uff09\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9<em>\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e8f\u53f7\u4ece124\u5f00\u59cb<\/em>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u53d1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713493827368.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\uff09\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bf4\u660e\u60f3\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u9a6c\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5f85\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u90fd\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5173\u95ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713494345979.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u8f6c\u6362\u72b6\u6001<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>1.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001<code>syn<\/code>\u5305\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb<code>tcp<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165<code>syn_send<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>2.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001<code>syn+ack<\/code>,\u540c\u65f6\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u5165<code>syn_recv<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>3.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001<code>ack<\/code>\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u5165<code>established<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>4.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230<code>ack<\/code>\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u5165<code>established<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713496207308.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n<li>1.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u5165<code>fin_wait_1<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>2.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u590d<code>ack<\/code>\u5305\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u5165<code>close_wait<\/code>\u72b6\u6001``<\/li>\n<li>3.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u5165<code>last_ack<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<code>ack<\/code>\u786e\u8ba4<\/li>\n<li>4.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a<code>ack<\/code>\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165<code>time_wait<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<code>time_wait<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\u98981\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6bd4\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\u8fd8\u665a\u5230<\/li>\n<li>\u95ee\u98982\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u56de\u590d\u7684<code>ack<\/code>\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e<code>last_ack<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd8\u4f1a\u91cd\u4f20<code>fin<\/code>\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7ee7\u7eed\u786e\u8ba4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5982\u679c<code>ack<\/code>\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f852\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u751f\u5b58\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9057\u7559\u62a5\u6587\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u673a\u5668<code>time_wait<\/code>\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7aef\u53e3\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570<code>tcp_tw_reuse=1<\/code>\u7aef\u53e3\u91cd\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713495850935.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7b49\u5f85<code>2msl<\/code>\uff1f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<code>4msl<\/code>\uff1f<code>8msl<\/code>\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a<code>msl<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u62a5\u6587\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u957f\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e22\u5305\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728<code>msl<\/code>\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4e5f\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u4f20\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc<code>2msl<\/code>\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e24\u6b21\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e22\u5305\u6982\u7387\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u6b21\u4e22\u5305\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<code>2msl<\/code>\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>UDP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>udp<\/code>\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760<\/li>\n<li><code>udp<\/code>\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684<code>ip+port<\/code>\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de<code>ack<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>udp<\/code>\u534f\u8bae\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e22\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e22\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<h4>\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<p><code>ifconfig # configure a network interface<\/code><br \/>\n1.\u4f7f\u7528<code>ifconfig<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">yum install net-tools\nifconfig\n# \u4ec5\u67e5\u770beth0\u7f51\u5361\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\nifconfig eth0\n# -a display all interfaces which are currently available, even if down\n# up\uff1a\u7f51\u5361\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001 broadcast\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u5e7f\u64ad running\uff1a\u7f51\u7ebf\u5df2\u63a5\u5165\n# multicast\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u64ad mtu\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff08\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5305\neth0: flags=4163&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST&gt;  mtu 1500\n# inet\uff1a\u663e\u793aipv4\u5730\u5740\u884c\ninet blue.yn.cn  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.99.255\n# inet6\uff1a\u663e\u793aipv6\u5730\u5740\u884c\ninet6 fe80::924a:3417:af7c:2b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20&lt;link&gt;\n# ether\uff1a\u786c\u4ef6\uff08mac\uff09\u5730\u5740 txqueuelen\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u5c0f\nether fa:26:21:09:6d:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n# rx packets\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\nRX packets 10811518  bytes 1473811918 (1.3 GiB)\nRX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n# tx packets\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\nTX packets 10225204  bytes 2056844673 (1.9 GiB)\nTX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n# errors\uff1a\u603b\u7684\u6536\u5305\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u91cf\n# dropped\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\n# collisions\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u53f7\u51b2\u7a81\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u503c\u4e0d\u4e3a0\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\n# overruns\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u5b58fifo\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u88ab\u4e22\u6389<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u4f7f\u7528<code>ip<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n<code>ip addr # show \/ manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ip addr show eth0\n2: eth0: &lt;BROADCAST,MULTICAST,\u2460UP,LOWER_UP&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000\n    \u2461link\/ether fa:26:21:09:6d:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    \u2462inet blue.yn.cn\/24 \u2463brd 192.168.99.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    \u2464inet6 fe80::924a:3417:af7c:2b9\/64 scope link noprefixroute\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n# \u2460\uff1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3aup\n# \u2461\uff1alink\u884c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\n# \u2462\uff1ainet\u884c\u663e\u793aipv4\u5730\u5740\u548c\u63a9\u7801\n# \u2463\uff1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0\n# \u2464\uff1ainet6\u884c\u663e\u793aipv6\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u4f7f\u7528<code>ip -s link show eht0<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3001\u9519\u5305\u3001\u4e22\u5f03<br \/>\n<code>-s,--stats,--statistics<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ip -s link show eth0\n2: eth0: &lt;BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether fa:26:21:09:6d:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast\n    1474771520 10823433 0       0       0       0\n    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns\n    2057715541 10236633 0       0       0       0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>centos6<\/code>\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\u662f<code>eth0\u3001eth1...<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>centos7<\/code>\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\u662f<code>ens32\u3001ens33...<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed9\u540e\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a<code>eth0\u3001eth1...<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a<code>eth0 eth1<\/code><br \/>\n1.\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/\nmv ifcfg-ens32 ifcfg-eth0\nvim ifcfg-eth0\nNAME=eth0\nDEVICE=eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c06<code>net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/sysconfig\/grub\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=&quot; net.ifname=0 biosdevname=0 quiet&quot;\ngrub2-mkconfig -o \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u5426\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">reboot\nifconfig<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b2\uff1a\u5728\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219<br \/>\n1.\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9<code>install centos7<\/code>\u5b89\u4e0b<code>tab<\/code>\u8bbe\u5b9a<code>kernel<\/code>\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713512690568.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2.\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<code>net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0<\/code><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713512706765.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<p>3.\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u540e\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1713512723889.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Centos7<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528<code>networkmanager<\/code>\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<code>networkmanager<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u914d\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728<code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scrips<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u6709<code>nmcli<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>networkmanager<\/code>\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>device<\/code>\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<li><code>connection<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907<code>device<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u5957\u903b\u8f91\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a<code>connection<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>nmcli\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001<\/h5>\n<p><code>nmcli # command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager<\/code><\/p>\n<p>1.\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmcli device<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8bbe\u5907\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\nnmcli device\nDEVICE  TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION\neth0    ethernet  connected  eth0\nlo      loopback  unmanaged  --\n\n# \u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001\nnmcli dev show eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmcli connection<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\nnmcli connection\nNAME  UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\neth0  f5b65db0-2443-4660-a1ed-f6a07618d261  ethernet  eth0\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nnmcli connection show --active\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\nnmcli connection show eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>nmcli\u914d\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmcli<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<code>static<\/code>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e<code>IP<\/code>\u3001\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0<\/li>\n<li>2.\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>3.\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n<li>4.\u7f51\u5361\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u6a21\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6e<code>IP<\/code>\u5730\u5740\uff08\u9759\u6001\u3001<code>DHCP<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<li>5.\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u5361\u7684<code>IP<\/code>\u5730\u5740\u3001\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u3001<code>DNS<\/code>\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nmcli connection add con-name eth0-static ifname eth0 type ethernet autoconnect yes ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.99.10\/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.99.1 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8\n# \u6fc0\u6d3beth0-static\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\nnmcli connection up eth0-static\nnmcli connection show --active\nNAME         UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\neth0-static  322133bd-a13d-43e1-9668-4946d8244642  ethernet  eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>nmcli\u4fee\u6539IP\u5730\u5740<\/h5>\n<p>1.\u53d6\u6d88<code>eth0-static<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection modify eth0-static autoconnect yes<\/code><\/p>\n<p>2.\u4fee\u6539<code>eth0-static<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u7684<code>dns<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection modify eth0-static ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/p>\n<p>3.\u7ed9\u8fde\u63a5\u518d\u589e\u52a0<code>dns<\/code>\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503c\u901a\u8fc7<code>+\/-<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u8005\u79fb\u9664\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection modify eth0-static +ipv4.dns 239.5.5.5<\/code><\/p>\n<p>4.\u66ff\u6362\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9759\u6001<code>IP<\/code>\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection modify eth0-static ipv4.addresses 192.168.99.12\/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.254<\/code><\/p>\n<p>5.<code>nmcli<\/code>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8981\u6fc0\u6d3b\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection down eth0-static &amp;&amp; nmcli connection up eth0-static<\/code><\/p>\n<p>6.\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5efa\u7684<code>connection<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection delete eth0-static<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>nmcli\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmcli<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406<code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u81f3<code>networkmanager<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u65b0\u589e\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u5361<\/li>\n<li>2.\u62f7\u8d1d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u81f4\uff09<\/li>\n<li>3.\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>4.\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>5.\u542f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165<code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u4efd\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><code>cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1<\/code><\/p>\n<p>2.\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=none\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth1\nDEVICE=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=192.168.99.10\nPREFIX=24\nGATEWAY=192.168.99.1\nDNS1=223.5.5.5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u91cd\u8f7d<code>connetction<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8ba9<code>networkmanager<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nmcli connection  reload\nnmcli connection\nNAME  UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\neth0  f5b65db0-2443-4660-a1ed-f6a07618d261  ethernet  eth0\neth1  9c92fad9-6ecb-3e6c-eb4d-8a47c6f50c04  ethernet  eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.<code>eth1<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u8054\u4e86<code>eth1<\/code>\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fee\u6539<code>IP<\/code>\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u65b9\u5f0f1\uff1anmcli modify\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\nnmcli connection modify eth1 ipv4.address 192.168.99.12\/24\nnmcli connection down eth1 &amp;&amp; nmcli connection up eth1\n# \u65b9\u5f0f2\uff1avim\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700reload\ncat ifcfg-eth1\n...\nIPADDR=192.168.99.12\n...\nnmcli connection reload\nnmcli connection down eth1 &amp;&amp; nmcli connection up eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a<code>Bonding<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u6a21\u5f0f0\uff1a<code>balance-rr<\/code>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8f6e\u8be2\uff0c\u4e24\u7f51\u5361\u5355\u72ec\u662f<code>100Mb<\/code>\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a<code>200Mb<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u5f0f1\uff1a<code>active-backup<\/code>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u82e5\u65ad\u7ebf\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9876\u66ff<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u914d\u7f6eround-robin<\/h4>\n<h5>eth0\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nDEVICE=eth0\nNAME=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nMASTER=bond0\nSLAVE=yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>eth1\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nDEVICE=eth1\nNAME=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nMASTER=bond0\nSLAVE=yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-bond0\nTYPE=Bond\nBOOTPROTO=none\nONBOOT=yes\nDEVICE=bond0\nNAME=bond0\nIPADDR=192.168.99.100\nPREFIX=24\nGATEWAY=192.168.99.1\nDNS1=223.5.5.5\nDEFROUTE=yes\nBONDING_MASTER=yes\nBONDING_OPTS=&quot;miimon=200 mode=0&quot;  # \u68c0\u67e5\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4ms<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5<\/h5>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b<code>bond<\/code>\u7ed1\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\nEthernet Channel Bonding Drvier: v3.7.1 (April 27,2011)\n\nBonding Mode: load balancing(round-robin)  # \u6a21\u5f0f\nMII Status:up\nMII Polling Interval(ms):200\nUp Delay(ms):0\nDown Delay(ms):0\n\nSlave Interface:eth0\nMII Status:up\nSpeed:1000 Mbps\nDuplex:full\nLink Failure Count:0\nPermanent HW addr:00:0c:29:aa:8d:2e\nSlave queue ID:0\n\nSlave Interface:eth1\nMII Status:up\nSpeed:1000 Mbps\nDuplex:full\nLink Failure Count:0\nPermanent HW addr:00:0c:29:aa:8d:42\nSlave queue ID:0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>ethtool<\/code>\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u5361\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ethtool bond0\nSettings for bond0:\n    Speed: 2000Mb\/s  # \u6bcf\u79d2\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\n    Duplex: Full<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u7f51\u5361\u5220\u9664<\/h5>\n<p>\u5220\u9664<code>bond<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmcli<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p><code>nmcli connection delete bond0<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>\u914d\u7f6eactive-backup<\/h4>\n<h5>eth0\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nDEVICE=eth0\nNAME=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nMASTER=bond1\nSLAVE=yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>eth1\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nDEVICE=eth1\nNAME=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nMASTER=bond1\nSLAVE=yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-bond1\nTYPE=Bond\nBOOTPROTO=none\nONBOOT=yes\nDEVICE=bond1\nNAME=bond1\nIPADDR=192.168.99.200\nPREFIX=24\nGATEWATE=192.168.99.1\nDNS1=223.5.5.5\nDEFROUTE=yes\nBONDING_MASTER=yes\nBONDING_OPTS=&quot;miimon=200 mode=1 fail_over_mac=1&quot;\n# bond1\u83b7\u53d6mac\u5730\u5740\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\n# 1.\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f51\u5361\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6mac\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5176\u4f59\u7684slave\u7f51\u5361\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5mac\u5730\u5740\n# 2.\u4f7f\u7528fail_over_mac\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u662fbond\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f51\u5361\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\uff0cmac\u5730\u5740\u968f\u7740\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u800c\u53d8\n# fail_over_mac\u53c2\u6570\u5728VMWare\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u673a\u53ef\u4e0d\u7528\u914d\u7f6e<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond1\nEthernet Channel Bonding Drvier: v3.7.1 (April 27,2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance(active-backup)(fail_over_mac active)\nPrimary Slave:None\nCurrently Active Slave:eth0\nMII Status:up\nMII Polling Interval(ms):200\nUp Delay(ms):0\nDown Delay(ms):0\n\nSlave Interface:eth0\nMII Status:up\nSpeed:1000 Mbps\nDuplex:full\nLink Failure Count:0\nPermanent HW addr:00:50:56:38:85:72\nSlave queue ID:0\n\nSlave Interface:eth1\nMII Status:up\nSpeed:1000 Mbps\nDuplex:full\nLink Failure Count:0\nPermanent HW addr:00:50:56:25:33:ee\nSlave queue ID:0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>bond\u6545\u969c\u6a21\u62df<\/h5>\n<p>\u5173\u95ed\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f51\u5361<code>eth0<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ifdown eth0\n\u6210\u529f\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907 &#039;eth0&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5907\u7528\u7f51\u5361<code>eth1<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond1\nEthernet Channel Bonding Drvier: v3.7.1 (April 27,2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance(active-backup)(fail_over_mac active)\nPrimary Slave:None\nCurrently Active Slave:eth1\nMII Status:up\nMII Polling Interval(ms):200\nUp Delay(ms):0\nDown Delay(ms):0\n\nSlave Interface:eth1\nMII Status:up\nSpeed:1000 Mbps\nDuplex:full\nLink Failure Count:0\nPermanent HW addr:00:50:56:25:33:ee\nSlave queue ID:0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c1d\u8bd5<code>ping<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38<\/p>\n<h3>\u7f51\u5173\/\u8def\u7531<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8def\u7531\u662f\u6307\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a<code>lan<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684<em>\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/em>\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5411\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a<code>wan<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\uff08\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8def\u7531\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>2.\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u8f6c\u53d1\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\uff08\u6570\u636e\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u8def\u5f84\u5f88\u590d\u6742<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<p><code>route # show\/manipulate the IP routing table<\/code><br \/>\n<code>-n show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host names.<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u4f7f\u7528<code>route<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>route<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u663e\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8def\u7531\u8868<\/li>\n<li><code>route<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li><code>route [add|del] [-host|-net|default] [address[\/mask]] [netmask] [gw] [dev]<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li><code>[add|del]<\/code>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n<li><code>-host<\/code>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li><code>-net<\/code>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li><code>default<\/code>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li><code>address<\/code>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8981\u53bb\u5f80\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7531<code>ip+netmask<\/code>\u7ec4\u6210<\/li>\n<li><code>gw<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u548c\u672c\u7f51\u6bb5\u76f4\u8fde\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<li><code>dev<\/code>\uff1a\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u8def\u7531\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u8054\u54ea\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>route<\/code>\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route add -host 1.1.1.1\/32 dev eth0\nroute add -net 1.1.1.1\/32 dev eth1\nroute add -net 1.1.1.1\/32 gw 1.1.1.2\nroute add default gw 1.1.1.2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<h5>\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6307\u660e\u5230\u67d0\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\uff0c<code>destination<\/code>\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a<\/li>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u53bb\u5f801.1.1.1\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4eceeth0\u63a5\u53e3\u51fa\nroute add -host 1.1.1.1\/32 dev eth0\n# \u53bb\u5f801.1.1.1\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u90fd\u4ea4\u7ed910.0.0.2\u8f6c\u53d1\nroute add -host 1.1.1.1\/32 gw 10.0.0.2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6307\u660e\u5230\u67d0\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\uff1b<code>destination<\/code>\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a<\/li>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u53bb\u5f802.2.2.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eceeth0\u63a5\u53e3\u51fa\nroute add -net 2.2.2.0\/24 dev eth0\n# \u53bb\u5f802.2.2.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u4ea4\u7ed910.0.0.2\u8f6c\u53d1\nroute add -net 2.2.2.0\/24 gw 10.0.0.2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u4e0d\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u8d70\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\uff08\u7f51\u5173\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 10.0.0.2\nroute add default gw 10.0.0.2<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>route<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\uff08nmcli connection down\u540e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u751f\u6548\uff09\uff1b\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u6c38\u4e45\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n<li>\u5728<code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa<code>route-ethx<\/code>\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/route-eth0\n10.168.99.0\/24 via 192.168.99.8\nsystemctl restart network\n\u6216\u8005 nmcli connection down eth0 &amp;&amp; nmcli connection up eth0\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         192.168.99.1    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0\n10.168.99.0     192.168.99.8    255.255.255.0   UG    100    0        0 eth0\n192.168.99.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u8def\u7531\u9879\u76ee\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u53f0<code>linux<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u5927\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u5757\u7f51\u5361\/\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u5361\u5206\u522b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li>2.\u5f00\u542f\u8def\u7531\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd<code>\/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward<\/code><\/li>\n<li>3.\u5728<code>linux<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714092429815.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7f51\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714054207798.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>\u865a\u62df\u673a1\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<p>1.<code>eth0<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth0\nDEVICE=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=10.0.0.100\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.<code>eth1<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth1\nDEVICE=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=1.1.1.1\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n1.1.1.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     101    0        0 eth1\n10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u865a\u62df\u673a2\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<p>1.<code>eth0<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth0\nDEVICE=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=1.1.1.2\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.<code>eth1<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth1\nDEVICE=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=2.2.2.2\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n1.1.1.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n2.2.2.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     101    0        0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u865a\u62df\u673a3\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<p>1.<code>eth0<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth0\nDEVICE=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=2.2.2.3\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.<code>eth1<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth1\nDEVICE=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=3.3.3.3\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n2.2.2.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n3.3.3.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     101    0        0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u865a\u62df\u673a4\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<p>1.<code>eth0<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth0\nDEVICE=eth0\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=3.3.3.4\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.<code>eth1<\/code>\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth1\nTYPE=Ethernet\nBOOTPROTO=static\nDEFROUTE=yes\nNAME=eth1\nDEVICE=eth1\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=4.4.4.4\nPREFIX=24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n3.3.3.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n4.4.4.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     101    0        0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\uff1a1.1.1.1\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e1.1.1.2\u4e92\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u673a1.1.1.1\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a1.1.1.2\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a<code>LAN<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5177\u6709<code>destination<\/code>\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u770b\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5427\uff0c\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u8d70\u4e8c\u5c42\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u95ee\uff1a1.1.1.1\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e2.2.2.2\u5730\u5740\u4e92\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>vm1<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u5f802.2.2.2\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u53bb\u5f802.2.2.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4ece<code>eth1<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u51fa\u5373\u53ef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route add -net 2.2.2.0\/24 dev eth1\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n1.1.1.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     101    0        0 eth1\n2.2.2.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1\n10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b2<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\uff1a1.1.1.1\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e2.2.2.3\u5730\u5740\u4e92\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe<code>vm2<\/code>\uff0c<code>vm2<\/code>\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03;<code>vm3<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u5f801.1.1.0\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728<code>vm2<\/code>\u4e0a\u5f00\u542f\u5185\u6838<code>ip<\/code>\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1b<code>vm3<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u52301.1.1.0\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff1b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe<code>vm3<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9001\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728<code>vm3<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u53bb\u5f801.1.1.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8d70<code>vm2<\/code>\u7684\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># vm2\u5f00\u542f\u5185\u6838\u8f6c\u53d1\necho &quot;1&quot; &gt; \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward  # \u4e34\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\n# sysctl,configure kernel parameters at runtime\nsysctl -a | grep ip_forward\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1\n# \u6c38\u4e45\u5f00\u542f\nvim \/etc\/sysctl.conf\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1\nsysctl -p\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1\n# vm3\u6dfb\u52a0\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531\nroute add -net 1.1.1.0\/24 gw 2.2.2.2\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n1.1.1.0         2.2.2.2         255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b3<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\uff1a1.1.1.1\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e3.3.3.3\u5730\u5740\u4e92\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>vm1<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u52303.3.3.3\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c<code>vm2<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u52303.3.3.3\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u5728<code>vm1<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u5c06\u53bb\u5f803.3.3.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ea4\u7ed91.1.1.2\uff0c\u7531<code>vm2<\/code>\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed93.3.3.3<\/li>\n<li>2.\u5728<code>vm2<\/code>\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u52303.3.3.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># vm1\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\nroute add -net 3.3.3.0\/24 gw 1.1.1.2\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n3.3.3.0         1.1.1.2         255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth1\n# vm2\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\nroute add -net 3.3.3.0\/24 dev eth1\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n3.3.3.0         0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0    0        0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b4<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\uff1a1.1.1.1\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e3.3.3.4\u5730\u5740\u4e92\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe<code>vm3<\/code>\uff0c<code>vm3<\/code>\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\uff1b<code>vm4<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u52301.1.1.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728<code>vm3<\/code>\u4e0a\u5f00\u542f\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe<code>vm4<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9001\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728<code>vm4<\/code>\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u53bb\u5f801.1.1.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8d70<code>vm3<\/code>\u7684\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># vim3\u5f00\u542f\u8f6c\u53d1\necho &quot;1&quot; &gt; \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward  # \u4e34\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\n# vim4\u6dfb\u52a0\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531\nroute add -net 1.1.1.0\/24 gw 3.3.3.3\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n1.1.1.0         3.3.3.3         255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee5\u865a\u62df\u673a1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u673a\u7684\u76f4\u8fde\u8def\u7531\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u75311.1.1.2\u6765\u8f6c\u53d1<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\uff1b\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u5220\u9664<code>vm1<\/code>\u4e0a\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route del -net 2.2.2.0\/24\nroute del -net 3.3.3.0\/24<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">route add -net 0.0.0.0\/0 gw 1.1.1.2\n\u6216\u8005\nroute add default gw 1.1.1.2\nroute -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         1.1.1.2         0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6309\u5982\u4e0a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n<h3>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>ip_local_port_range<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u672c\u5730\u968f\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c<code>TCP<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>1.\u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ef\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range\nnet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u8c03\u6574\u7aef\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=&quot;10000 10002&quot;\nnet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 10002<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u51c6\u5907\u4e24\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3a<code>nginx<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u505a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528<code>curl<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea7\u751f<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\uff1b<code>nginx<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1ablue.yn.cn\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1a192.168.99.5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u811a\u672c\ncat test.sh\n#!\/usr\/bin\/bash\nip=blue.yn.cn\ndate\nfor i in `seq 1 3`\ndo\n  echo &quot;\u7b2c $i \u6b21 curl &quot;\n  curl -s http:\/\/$ip\/ -o \/dev\/null\n  echo &quot;RETURN: &quot; $?\n  ss -ant | grep TIME\ndone\n\n# \u53ea\u6709\u5f53socket\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc71\u79d2\u65f6\uff0ctcp_tw_reuse\u7aef\u53e3\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\nsleep 2\n\necho &quot;\u7b2c 4 \u6b21 curl &quot;\n  date\n  curl -s http:\/\/$ip\/ -o \/dev\/null\n  echo &quot;RETURN: &quot; $?\n  ss -ant | grep TIME<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u89c1\u7b2c4\u6b21<code>curl<\/code>\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a7\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38<code>curl<\/code>\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u5b8c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sh test.sh\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:09:39 CST\n\u7b2c 1 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10001              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b21 curl\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:09:41 CST\nRETURN:  7\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10001              blue.yn.cn:80<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>5.\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u7aef\u53e3\u6548\u679c\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85<code>2MSL<\/code>\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u957f\u5185\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528<code>ip_local_port_range<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>tcp_tw_reuse<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u7528<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>tcp_tw_reuse<\/h4>\n<p><code>tw_reuse<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7aef\u53e3\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53<code>net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1<\/code>,<code>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1<\/code>\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5f53<code>socket<\/code>\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc71\u79d2\u65f6\uff0c<code>tcp_tw_reuse<\/code>\u7aef\u53e3\u91cd\u7528\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5f00\u542f<code>tcp_tw_reuse<\/code>\u4ee5\u53ca<code>tcp_timestamps<\/code>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=1\nnet.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1\nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1\nnet.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sh test.sh\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:18:28 CST\n\u7b2c 1 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10001              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b21 curl\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:18:30 CST\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10002              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10000              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:10001              blue.yn.cn:80<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>tcp_max_tw_buckets<\/h4>\n<p><code>net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u6570\u503c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c06\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a4096\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<p>1.\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sysctl -a | grep tw_buckets\nnet.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 4096\nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u628a<code>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range<\/code>\u6539\u56de\u539f\u6765\u7684<\/p>\n<p><code>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=&quot;32768 60999&quot;<\/code><\/p>\n<p>3.\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sh test.sh\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:35:40 CST\n\u7b2c 1 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36618              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36618              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36620              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b21 curl\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36618              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36620              blue.yn.cn:80\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b21 curl\n2024\u5e74 04\u6708 27\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u516d 19:35:42 CST\nRETURN:  0\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36618              blue.yn.cn:80\nTIME-WAIT  0      0      192.168.99.5:36620              blue.yn.cn:80<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>tcp_max_syn_backlog<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u79f0\u4e3a\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5c06<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u79f0\u4e3a\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<code>backlog<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5904\u4e8e<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u7684<code>TCP<\/code>\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u5904\u4e8e<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u7684<code>TCP<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7<code>tcp_max_syn_backlog<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u540e\u7eed\u7684<code>SYN<\/code>\u62a5\u6587\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714225405771.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a<code>SYN<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u52a0\u5165\u5230<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5728\u6536\u5230<code>ACK<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u79fb\u52a8\u5230<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u961f\u5217\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u7528<code>accept()<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u4ece<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u961f\u5217\u53d6\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u8c03\u6574\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a128\nsysctl -a | grep max_syn_backlog\nnet.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 128\n# \u5173\u95edsyncookies\u907f\u514d\u5e72\u6270\nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0\nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u7981\u6b62\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56deack\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u7aefsyn_recv\u72b6\u6001\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flag ACK -j DROP\n# \u4f7f\u7528telnet\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\ntelnet 192.168.99.5 22 &amp;\n[1] 11913\ntelnet 192.168.99.5 22 &amp;\n[2] 11916\ntelnet 192.168.99.5 22 &amp;\n[3] 11917\ntelnet 192.168.99.5 22 &amp;\n[4] 12012\nTrying 192.168.99.5...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -nt\nActive Internet connections (w\/o servers)\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:22         blue.yn.cn:53326     SYN_RECV\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:22         blue.yn.cn:53328     SYN_RECV\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:22         blue.yn.cn:53330     SYN_RECV\n# \u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\ndmesg\n[68587.209316] TCP: drop open request from blue.yn.cn\/53332\n[68588.209500] TCP: drop open request from blue.yn.cn\/53332<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u67093\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u9650\u5236\u65f62\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u591a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u662f&gt;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f&gt;=\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u8fbe\u52303\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u624d\u7b97\u8d85\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u67093\u6761<code>SYN_REVD<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>core.somaxconn<\/h4>\n<p><code>net.core.somaxconn<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a128\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-1714227240030.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1.\u8c03\u6574\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a3<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a128\nsysctl -a | grep core.somaxconn\nnet.core.somaxconn = 128\n# \u8c03\u6574\u4e3a3\nsysctl -w net.core.somaxconn=2\nnet.core.somaxconn = 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim server.c\n#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;\n#include &lt;string.h&gt;\n#include &lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;\n#include &lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;\n\n#define BACKLOG 200\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n    int listenfd;\n    int connfd;\n    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;\n\n    listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);\n\n    bzero(&amp;servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));\n    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;\n    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);\n    servaddr.sin_port = htons(50001);\n\n    bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&amp;servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));\n\n    listen(listenfd, BACKLOG);\n    while(1)\n    {\n        sleep(1);\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">gcc server.c -o server\n.\/server &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.\u7f16\u5199\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim client.c\n#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include &lt;string.h&gt;\n#include &lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;\n#include &lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;\n#include &lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n    int sockfd;\n    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;\n\n    sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);\n\n    bzero(&amp;servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));\n    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;\n    servaddr.sin_port = htons(50001);\n    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(&quot;192.168.99.5&quot;);\n\n    if (0 != connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&amp;servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)))\n    {\n         printf(&quot;connect failed!\\n&quot;);\n    }\n    else\n    {\n         printf(&quot;connect succeed!\\n&quot;);\n    }\n    sleep(30);\n    return 1;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>5.\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">gcc client.c -o client\n.\/client &amp;\n[1] 9060\n# connect succeed!\n.\/client &amp;\n[2] 9062\n# connect succeed!\n.\/client &amp;\n[3] 9063\n# connect succeed!\n.\/client &amp;\n[4] 9065\n# connect succeed!\n.\/client &amp;\n[5] 9067\n# connect succeed!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>5.\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u5c313\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u90fd\u5728\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\uff09<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -ntp | grep   50001\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:50001      blue.yn.cn:37986      SYN_RECV    -\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:50001      blue.yn.cn:37988      SYN_RECV    -\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:50001      blue.yn.cn:37982      ESTABLISHED -\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:50001      blue.yn.cn:37978      ESTABLISHED -\ntcp        0      0 192.168.99.5:50001      blue.yn.cn:37984      ESTABLISHED -<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>tcp_syn_retries<\/h4>\n<p><code>net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001<code>SYN<\/code>\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de<code>SYN + ACK<\/code>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u9ed8\u8ba4\u91cd\u8bd5\u53d1\u90016\u6b21<code>SYN<\/code>\u5305\uff08<code>net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 6<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fd4\u56de<code>SYN + ACK<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\uff081+2+4+8+16+32+64=127\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c1\u6b21\u53d1\u9001<code>SYN<\/code>\u62a5\u6587\u540e\u7b49\u5f851s\uff082^0)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c2\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f852s\uff082^1)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c3\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f854s\uff082^2)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c4\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f858s\uff082^3)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c5\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f8516s\uff082^4)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c6\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f8532s\uff082^5)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c7\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u540e\u7b49\u5f8564s\uff082^6)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e<code>iptables<\/code>\u6765\u4e22\u5f03\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684<code>SYN<\/code>\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u8fdb\u6765\u6d41\u91cf\u5982\u679csyn\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 --syn -j DROP\n# \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528tcpdump\u6293\u5305\ntcpdump -i eth0 -n src blue.yn.cn and dst 192.168.99.5 and port 22<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.\u7136\u540e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528<code>telnet<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">date &#039;+ %F %T&#039;; telnet 192.168.99.5 22; date &#039;+ %F %T&#039;;\n 2024-04-28 20:51:18  # \u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\nTrying 192.168.99.5...\ntelnet: connect to address 192.168.99.5: Connection timed out\n 2024-04-28 20:53:25  # \u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.\u6700\u540e\u5206\u6790\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece<code>tcpdump<\/code>\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u53d1\u4e867\u6b21<code>SYN<\/code>\u5305\uff08\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a<code>seq<\/code>\u53f7\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540e\u97626\u6b21\u662f\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8be5\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tcpdump -i eth0 -n src blue.yn.cn and dst 192.168.99.5 and port 22\n20:51:18.086602 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465468929 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:51:19.089440 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465469932 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:51:21.093456 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465471936 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:51:25.101449 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465475944 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:51:33.125469 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465483968 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:51:49.157471 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465500000 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0\n20:52:21.189475 IP blue.yn.cn.56708 &gt; 192.168.99.5.ssh: Flags [S], seq 73398987, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3465532032 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.\u4fee\u6539\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=2\n# \u518d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\n date &#039;+ %F %T&#039;; telnet 192.168.99.5 22; date &#039;+ %F %T&#039;;\n 2024-04-28 21:00:32  # \u8d77\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\nTrying 192.168.99.5...\ntelnet: connect to address 192.168.99.5: Connection timed out\n 2024-04-28 21:00:39  # \u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8c03\u6574<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/sysctl.conf\n# tcp\u4f18\u5316\nnet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000\nnet.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1\nnet.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000\n\nnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1  # \u9632\u6b62SYN Flood\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u540emax_syn_backlog\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u503c\nnet.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192  # SYN\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\nnet.core.somaxconn = 32768  # SYN\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\n\n# \u4fee\u6539TCP TIME-WAIT\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba460s\uff09\nnet.ipv4.tcp_tw_timeout = 5  # centos\u6539\u4e0d\u4e86\n\n# \u91cd\u8bd5\nnet.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2  # \u53d1\u9001SYN\u5305\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba46\nnet.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2  # \u8fd4\u56desyn+ack\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba45\n\n# \u5176\u4ed6\n# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1  # \u652f\u6301\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\n# net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1  # \u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u660e\u4e0d\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u672c\u673a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\n# net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600\n# \u5f53keepalive\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0cTCP\u53d1\u9001keepalive\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u9891\u5ea6\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f2\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a10\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u6548\u8fde\u63a5\n\n# \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u6700\u5927\u6570\u76ee\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\uff09\nfs.file-max = 204800\n#\nvm.swappiness = 0<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0 \u4e3a\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u7f51\u7edc \u5047\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u5173\u95ed\uff09 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u7535\u5f71&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=530\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=530"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1517,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530\/revisions\/1517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}