{"id":63,"date":"2024-03-16T11:31:48","date_gmt":"2024-03-16T03:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=63"},"modified":"2024-12-06T22:35:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T14:35:52","slug":"linux%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=63","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c08\u5230<code>linux<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u5b9e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53bb\u505a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u53c8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b58\u653e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6811\u72b6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&quot;\u76ee\u5f55\u6811&quot;\n<ul>\n<li>windows\uff1a\u5df2\u591a\u6839\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6<code>C:\\ D:\\<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Linux:\u4ee5\u5355\u6839\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6 \/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55 \/bin<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\n<ul>\n<li>\/bin \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <code>\/bin\/ls\uff0c\/bin\/date<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\/sbin \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <code>\/sbin\/service<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1710559779418.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55 \/home<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982windows\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u684c\u9762\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/home<\/code> \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a <code>\/home\/username<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>\/root<\/code> \u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458root\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55 \/usr<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/usr<\/code> \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e C:\\Windows<\/li>\n<li><code>\/usr\/local<\/code> \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e C:\\Program<\/li>\n<li><code>\/usr\/bin<\/code> <strong>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>\/usr\/sbin<\/code> <strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>\/usr\/lib<\/code> \u5e93\u6587\u4ef6 Glibc 32bit<\/li>\n<li><code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code> \u5e93\u6587\u4ef6 Glibc 64bit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55 \/boot<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u4e0egrub\u5f15\u5bfc\u83dc\u5355\n<ul>\n<li>\/boot\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<code>kernel\uff0cgrub<\/code>\uff08\u5f15\u5bfc\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># ls \/boot\/\nconfig-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64\nefi\ngrub\ngrub2\ninitramfs-0-rescue-dc3f7d1b1750432091e5d1f06b278e75.img\ninitramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img\nsymvers-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.gz\nSystem.map-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64\nvmlinuz-0-rescue-dc3f7d1b1750432091e5d1f06b278e75\nvmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55 \/etc<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-script\/ifcfg-<\/code>,\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/hostname<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55 \/dev<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\/dev\u5b58\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5149\u9a71\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85<br \/>\n-<code>\/dev\/null<\/code>\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ea\u8fdb\u4e0d\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7ad9<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/dev\/random<\/code>\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li><code>\/dev\/zero<\/code>\u80fd\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6447\u94b1\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53d6\u6b3e\u673a\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u53d6\u94b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># ls \/dev\/vda*\n\/dev\/vda  \/dev\/vda1  \/dev\/vda2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55 \/var<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\/var\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\/var\/log\/\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/var\/tmp\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/tmp\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5395\u6240\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u865a\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55 \/proc<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u505c\u6b62\u5219\/proc\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff09\n<ul>\n<li>\/proc\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u677f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u6cb9\u8017\u3001\u65f6\u901f\u3001\u8f6c\u5411\u706f\u3001\u6545\u969c\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u8981\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<code>\/etc\/hostname<\/code>\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u65b9\u5f0f-\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4ece\/\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<code>\/var\/log\/message<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u65b9\u5f0f-\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<code>a.txt .\/a.txt ..\/var\/<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8def\u5f84\u5207\u6362\u547d\u4ee4 cd<\/h4>\n<p><code>cd # change the working directory<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># cd \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 cd \/etc\/hostname\n# cd \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 cd test\/abc cd . cd ..\n# cd     #\u82e5\u53c2\u6570dir\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684shell\u53d8\u91cfHOME\n# cd -   #\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5207\u6362\u5230\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfOLDPWD\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\n# cd ~   #\u5207\u6362\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aroot\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff08\u76f4\u63a5cd\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff09\n# cd .   #\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 cp \/etc\/hostname .\/\n# cd ..  #\u5207\u6362\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>touch\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<p><code>touch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>Atime<\/code>\uff08\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u548c<code>Mtime<\/code>\uff08\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<br \/>\n<code>touch # change file timestamps<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># touch file             #\u65e0\u5219\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u6709\u5219\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\n# touch file2 file3\n# touch \/home\/od\/file4 file5\n# touch file{a,b,c}      #{}\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7touch a b c\n# touch file{1..10}\n# touch file{a..z}\n# touch -d &quot;2023-05-18 15:44&quot; File.cfg  #\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>mkdir\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<p><code>mkdir # make directories<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9009\u9879\uff1a-v,--verbose -p,--parents(make parent directories as needed)\n# mkdir dir1\n# mkdir \/home\/ob\/dir1 \/home\/ob\/dir2\n# mkdir -v \/home\/ob\/{dir3,dir4}\n# mkdir -pv \/home\/ob\/dir5\/dir6\n# mkdri -pv \/home\/{ob\/{diu,but},boy}\n# mkdir -m 700 dir  \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e700\u6743\u9650<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>tree\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<p><code>tree # list contents of directories in a tree-like format<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9009\u9879\uff1a-L level(Max display depth of the directory tree)\n# tree \/home\/  # \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\n# tree -d  # \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>cp\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236<\/h4>\n<p><code>cp # copy files and directories<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9009\u9879\uff1a -v,--verbose(explain what is being done)\n#-r,--recursive(copy directories recursively)\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\n#-p,--preserve(preserve the specified attributes default:mode,ownership,timestamps)\n# cp file \/temp\/file_copy\n# cp name \/tmp\/name        # \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u79f0\n# cp file \/tmp\/            # \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u79f0\n# cp -p file \/tmp\/file_p\n# cp -r \/etc\/ \/tmp\/\n# cp -rv \/etc\/hosts \/etc\/hostname \/tmp # \u62f7\u8d1d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\n# cp -rv \/etc\/{hosts,hosts.bak}\n# cp -rv \/etc\/hosts{,org}\n# -d  \u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\n# -a  \u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8epdr\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\n# -u  \u5728\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u6216\u662f\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>mv\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>mv # move (rename) files<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># mv file file1            # \u539f\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u7b97\u6539\u540d\u79f0\n# mv file1 \/tmp\/           # \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3tmp\u76ee\u5f55\n# mv \/tmp\/file1 .\/         # \u79fb\u52a8tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\n# mv dir\/ \/tmp\/            # \u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\n# touch file{1..3}\n# mv file1 file2 file3 \/opt\/  # \u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\n# mkdir dir{1..3}\n# mv dir1\/ dir2\/ dir3\/ \/opt   # \u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>rm\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5220\u9664<\/h4>\n<p><code>rm # remove files or directories<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u9009\u9879\uff1a -r,--recursive(remove directories and their contents recursively)\n#-f,--force(ignore nonexistent files, never prompt)\n#-v,--verbose(explain what is being done)\n# rm file.txt       # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4rm\u5b58\u5728alias\u522b\u540d\uff0crm -i \u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\n# rm -f file.txt    # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u9192\n# rm -r dir\/        # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\n# rm -rf dir\/       # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u9192\uff08\u614e\u7528\uff09\n# mkdir \/home\/dir10\n# touch \/home\/dir10\/{file2,file3,.file4}\n# rm -f \/home\/dir10\/*    # \u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\n# ls \/home\/dir10\/ -a\n# touch file{1..10}\n# touch {1..10}.pdf\n# rm -rf file*\n# rm -rf *.pdf<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><code>cat # concatenate files and print on the standard output<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>cat\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># cp \/etc\/passwd .\/pass\n# cat pass     # \u6b63\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\n# cat -n pass  # -n,--number(number all output lines)\n# cat -A pass  # -A,--show-all(equivalent to -vET)\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8evET\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\n# -E,--show-ends(display $ at end of each line)\u6bcf\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5904\u663e\u793a$\u7b26\u53f7\n# -T,--show-tabs(display TAB characters as ^I)\u5c06TAB\u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u4e3a^I\u7b26\u53f7\n# -v,--show-nonprinting(use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB)\u4f7f\u7528^\u548cM-\u5f15\u7528\uff0cLFD\u548cTAB\u9664\u5916\n# tac pass     # concatenate and print files in reverse\n# cat \/dev\/null &gt; anaconda-ks.cfg  # \u642d\u914d\u7a7a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u6e05\u7a7a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n# cat &gt;hello.txt &lt;&lt; EOF  # \u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u78b0\u5230EOF\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>less-more\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># less \/etc\/services    # \u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u6807\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u52a8\uff0c\u7a7a\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cq\u9000\u51fa\n# more \/etc\/services    # \u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u52a8\uff0c\u7a7a\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cq\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>less<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<code>more<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u6d4f\u89c8\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c<code>less<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u6d4f\u89c8\uff08\u6309\u5411\u4e0a\u7bad\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<code>less -N \/etc\/zabbix\/zabbix_server.conf<\/code> \u5206\u9875\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<br \/>\n<code>history | less<\/code> \u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<h4>head-tail\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>head # output the first part of files<\/code><br \/>\n<code>tail # output the last part of files<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># head \/etc\/passwd  # \u67e5\u770b\u5934\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u524d\u5341\u884c\n# head -n5 \/etc\/passwd  # \u67e5\u770b\u5934\u90e85\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-n\u6307\u5b9a\u6216\u8005-5\n\n# tail \/etc\/passwd\n# tail -20 \/etc\/passwd\n# tail -f \/var\/log\/messages  # \u6301\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u6700\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\n# -f\uff0c--follow\uff08output appended data as the file grows\uff09\n# tailf \/var\/log\/messages    # \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>grep\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<p><code>grep # print lines matching a patter \/ global search regular expression and print out the line<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># grep &quot;^root&quot; \/etc\/passwd    # \u5339\u914d\u4ee5root\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\n# grep &quot;bash$&quot; \/etc\/passwd    # \u5339\u914d\u4ee5bash\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c\n# grep -v &quot;ftp&quot; \/etc\/passwd  # \u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\n# -v,--invert-match(Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines)\n# grep -i &quot;ftp&quot; \/etc\/passwd  # \u5ffd\u7565\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\n# -i,--ignore-case(Ignore case distinctions in both the PATTERN and the input files)\n# grep -Ei &quot;sync$|ftp&quot; \/etc\/passwd  # \u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542bsyn\u7ed3\u5c3e\u6216ftp\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32-E\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f  # \u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\n# grep -n -A 2 &quot;failed&quot; \/var\/log\/secure  # \u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dfailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0b2\u884c\n# grep -n -B 2 &quot;failed&quot; \/var\/log\/secure  # \u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dfailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a2\u884c\n# grep -n -C 2 &quot;failed&quot; \/var\/log\/secure  # \u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dfailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b2\u884c\n# -n \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u53f7\n# -c \u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7684\u884c\u6570\u91cf\n# grep -c ^$ \/etc\/zabbix\/zabbix_server.conf  # \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7a7a\u884c\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711800994381.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>wget\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>wget # The non-interactive network downloader<\/code><br \/>\ncentos7 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5b89\u88c5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709<code>wget<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u672c\u5730\n# wget http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n# \u5c06\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u7684centos-7.repo\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\/etc\/yum.repos.d\/\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3aCentos-Base.repo -O\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\n# wget -O \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/Centos-Base.repo http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n# -O,--output-document \u8bbe\u7f6e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\n# -b \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u8f6c\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>curl\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ec5\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2aurl\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n<code>curl # transfer a URL \/ commandline url<\/code><br \/>\n<code>curl http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5c06\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u7684centos-7.repo\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\/etc\/yum.repos.d\/\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3aCentos-Base.repo -o\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\n# curl -o \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/Centos-Base.repo http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n# -o,--output &lt;file&gt; \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\n# -I \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>rz-sz\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>rz # file receive\uff0csz # file send<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># yum install lrzsz  # \u4e0d\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\n# rz  # \u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5927\u4e8e4G\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20\n# sz \/path\/file  # \u53ea\u80fd\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>which\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>which # locate a command<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># which ls  # \u67e5\u627els\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\n# type -a ls  # \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u522b\u540d\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>whereis\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>whereis # locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># whereis ls   # \u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u624b\u518c\u7b49\n# whereis -b ls  # \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5b57\u7b26\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>sort\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>sort<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u4e86<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n# -r\uff1a\u4ee5\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\n# -n\uff1a\u4f9d\u636e\u6570\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\n# -t\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u680f\u4f4d\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\u683c\uff09\n# -k\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5217\u53f7\n# \u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\ncat &gt; file.txt &lt;&lt;EOF\nb:3\nc:2\na:4\ne:5\nd:1\nf:11\nEOF\n# \u4f7f\u7528sort\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n# sort file.txt\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5e8f\n# \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-t\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-k\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5217\nsort -t &quot;:&quot; -k2 file.txt\nd:1\nf:11  # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f11\uff1f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff1f\nc:2\nb:3\na:4\ne:5\n# \u6309\u7167\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c11\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f1\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd42\u5c0f\n# \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-n\u53c2\u6570\n# sort -t &quot;:&quot; -k2 -n file.txt\nd:1\nc:2\nb:3\na:4\ne:5\nf:11<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>uniq\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u603b\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>uniq<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5408<code>sort<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]\n# \u9009\u9879\uff1a-c \u8ba1\u7b97\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2afile.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\ncat &gt;&gt;file.txt &lt;&lt;EOF\nabc\n123\nabc\n123\nEOF\n# uniq\u9700\u8981\u548csort\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u4f7f\u7528sort\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ba9\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u8fde\u7eed\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\n# sort file.txt\n# \u4f7f\u7528uniq\u53bb\u9664\u76f8\u90bb\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\n# sort file.txt | uniq\n123\nabc\n# -c\u53c2\u6570\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n# sort file.txt | uniq -c\n      2 123\n      2 abc<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>cut\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>cut<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6309\u5217\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cut OPTION... [FILE]...\n# \u9009\u9879\uff1a-d \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u9694\u7b26\n# -f \u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n# -c \u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\n# echo &quot;Im yujing, QQ is 67481157&quot; &gt;file.txt\n# \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u91ccyujing\u4ee5\u53ca67481157\n# cut -d &quot; &quot; -f 2,5 file.txt\nyujing, 67481157\n# cut -d &quot; &quot; -f 2,5 file.txt | sed &#039;s#,##g&#039;\nyujing 67481157\n# sed &#039;s#,##g&#039; file.txt | awk -F &quot; &quot; &#039;{print $2 &quot; &quot; $5}&#039;\nyujing 67481157\n# awk -F &quot;[, ]&quot; &#039;{print $2,$6}&#039; file.txt\nyujing 67481157\n# awk -F &quot;[, ]+&quot; &#039;{print $2,$5}&#039; file.txt\nyujing 67481157\n\n# cut -c 1-4 \/etc\/passwd  # \u4ec5\u63d0\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u524d4\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>wc\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p><code>wc<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u7ec4<code>word count<\/code>\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u3001\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n# \u9009\u9879\uff1a-l\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u6570 -c\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b57\u7b26 -w\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5355\u8bcd\n# wc -l \/etc\/passwd  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\n28 \/etc\/passwd\n# wc -l \/etc\/services\n11176 \/etc\/services\n# \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\/etc\/passwd\u4ee5nologin\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\ngrep &quot;nologin$&quot; \/etc\/passwd | wc -l\n\n# \u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n# grep -n &quot;.*&quot; \/etc\/services   | tail -1\n# cat -n  \/etc\/services   | tail -1\n# awk &#039;{print NR $0}&#039; \/etc\/services | tail -1<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u7ec3\u4e60\u9898<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># cat web.log\nhttp:\/\/www.123.com\/index.html\nhttp:\/\/www.123.com\/1.html\nhttp:\/\/post.123.com\/index.html\nhttp:\/\/mp3.123.com\/index.html\nhttp:\/\/www.123.com\/3.html\nhttp:\/\/post.123.com\/3.html\n# awk -F &#039;\/&#039; &#039;{print $3}&#039; web.log | sort -rn | uniq -c\n      3 www.123.com\n      2 post.123.com\n      1 mp3.123.com\n# cut -d \/ -f3 web.log | sort -rn | uniq -c\n      3 www.123.com\n      2 post.123.com\n      1 mp3.123.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<code>ls -l<\/code>\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec<code>windows<\/code>\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"> ls -l latest-zh_CN.tar.gz\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25311313 1\u6708  31 14:00 latest-zh_CN.tar.gz\n-rw-r--r-- \u2460\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5219\u662f\u6743\u9650\n1          \u2461\uff1a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6b21\u6570\nroot       \u2462\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\nroot       \u2463\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec4\n25311313   \u2464\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\n1\u6708 31 14:00 \u2465\u2466\u2467\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u65e5\u671f\nlatest-zh_CN.tar.gz \u2468\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u6216\u8005\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u533a\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u51c6\u786e<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>ls -l<\/code>\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c<code>ll -d<\/code>\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bcd<\/th>\n<th>\u7c7b\u578b\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-<\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>b<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u786c\u76d8\/dev\/sda,\/dev\/sr0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>c<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\/dev\/tty1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<td>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08socket\u63d2\u5ea7\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>l<\/td>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7ls -l\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>file<\/code>\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># file \/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/hosts: ASCII text\n# file \/bin\/ls\n\/bin\/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU\/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=aaf05615b6c91d3cbb076af81aeff531c5d7dfd9, stripped\n# file \/dev\/vda\n\/dev\/vda: block special\n# file \/dev\/tty1\n\/dev\/tty1: character special\n\n# file \/etc\/grub2.cfg\n\/etc\/grub2.cfg: symbolic link to `..\/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg&#039;\nfile -L \/etc\/grub2.cfg\n\/etc\/grub2.cfg: ASCII text\n\n# file \/home\n\/home: directory\n\n# file -b \/home \u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\ndirectory<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<h4>Inode\u4e0eBlock<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728<code>Linux<\/code>\u4e0a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6570\u636e<code>data<\/code>\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u6570\u636e<code>metadata<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e<code>data block<\/code>\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a<code>block<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u6570\u636e<code>metadata<\/code>\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a<code>inode<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c<code>inode<\/code>\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c<code>inode<\/code>\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>user id group id<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<li>\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a<code>inode<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e<code>block<\/code>\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a<code>inode<\/code>\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7<code>inode<\/code>\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ea\u662f<code>inode<\/code>\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ef0\u53f7\u3002\uff08\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\n<ol>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<code>inode<\/code>\u7f16\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\u6b64\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>inode<\/code>\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6<code>inode<\/code>\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e<code>inode<\/code>\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5728\u7684<code>block<\/code>\uff0c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711851381420.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e<code>windows<\/code>\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5c06<code>inode<\/code>\u6307\u5411\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>block<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711852111157.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u5e03<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711853105364.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u573a\u666f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u51c6\u5907\u7f51\u7ad91.1\u7248\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\n# mkdir \/data\/rainbow-v1.1 -p\n# echo &quot;123&quot; &gt; \/data\/rainbow-v1.1\/index.html\n# \u521b\u5efa\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\n# ln -s \/data\/rainbow-v1.1\/ \/data\/rainbow\n# ll \/data\/\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 3\u6708  31 10:55 rainbow -&gt; \/data\/rainbow-v1.1\/\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 3\u6708  31 10:55 rainbow-v1.1\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7a0b\u5e8f\n# cat \/data\/rainbow\/index.html\n123\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\n# mkdir \/data\/rainbow-v1.2\n# echo &quot;456&quot; &gt; \/data\/rainbow-v1.2\/index.html\n# \u5347\u7ea7\n# rm -f \/data\/rainbow &amp;&amp; ln -s \/data\/rainbow-v1.2\/ \/data\/rainbow\n# cat \/data\/rainbow\/index.html\n456<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u786c\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8d85\u5e02\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u95e8\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u95e8\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u5165\u8d85\u5e02<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a<code>inode<\/code>\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1711855039967.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u533a\u522b\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>1.ln\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cln -s\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>2.\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5206\u533a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>3.\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u8d8a\u5206\u533a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>4.\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>inode<\/code>\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<code>inode<\/code>\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n<li>5.\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<li>6.\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<li>7.\u5220\u9664\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u6548<\/li>\n<li>8.\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>linux<\/code>\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u67093\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f<code>atime\u3001mtime\u3001ctime<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7b80\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u5168\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u4e2d\u6587\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>atime<\/td>\n<td>access time<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>mtime<\/td>\n<td>modify time<\/td>\n<td>\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ctime<\/td>\n<td>change time<\/td>\n<td>\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># echo &quot;hello boy&quot; &gt;&gt; new_file\n# stat new_file\n  \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a&quot;new_file&quot;\n  \u5927\u5c0f\uff1a10              \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afd00h\/64768d      Inode\uff1a67224667    \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0644\/-rw-r--r--)  Uid\uff1a(    0\/    root)   Gid\uff1a(    0\/    root)\n\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a2024-03-31 11:25:24.696156853 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\uff1a2024-03-31 11:25:24.696156853 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u6539\u52a8\uff1a2024-03-31 11:25:24.696156853 +0800\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a-<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>atime<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># cat new_file\nhello boy\n# stat new_file\n  \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a&quot;new_file&quot;\n  \u5927\u5c0f\uff1a10              \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afd00h\/64768d      Inode\uff1a67224667    \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0644\/-rw-r--r--)  Uid\uff1a(    0\/    root)   Gid\uff1a(    0\/    root)\n\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a2024-03-31 11:27:15.281641508 +0800  # \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\n\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\uff1a2024-03-31 11:25:24.696156853 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u6539\u52a8\uff1a2024-03-31 11:25:24.696156853 +0800\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a-<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>mtime<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># echo &quot;hello word&quot; &gt;&gt;new_file\n[root@wordpress ~]# stat new_file\n  \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a&quot;new_file&quot;\n  \u5927\u5c0f\uff1a21              \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afd00h\/64768d      Inode\uff1a67224667    \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0644\/-rw-r--r--)  Uid\uff1a(    0\/    root)   Gid\uff1a(    0\/    root)\n\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a2024-03-31 11:27:15.281641508 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\uff1a2024-03-31 11:28:23.718960735 +0800  # \u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u540e\uff0cmtime\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\n\u6700\u8fd1\u6539\u52a8\uff1a2024-03-31 11:28:23.718960735 +0800  # \u53d8\u5316\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a-\n# ctime\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\uff0cinode\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>ctime<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># chown adm new_file\n# stat new_file\n  \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a&quot;new_file&quot;\n  \u5927\u5c0f\uff1a21              \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afd00h\/64768d      Inode\uff1a67224667    \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0644\/-rw-r--r--)  Uid\uff1a(    3\/     adm)   Gid\uff1a(    0\/    root)\n\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a2024-03-31 11:27:15.281641508 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\uff1a2024-03-31 11:28:23.718960735 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u6539\u52a8\uff1a2024-03-31 11:31:54.699214193 +0800  # \u53ea\u6709ctime\u53d8\u5316\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a-<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u6982\u8ff0 \u8c08\u5230linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5 \u5176\u5b9e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=63\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1817,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63\/revisions\/1817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}