{"id":963,"date":"2024-07-01T21:18:50","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T13:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=963"},"modified":"2024-12-21T21:39:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T13:39:54","slug":"%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7awk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=963","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177awk"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>awk\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fawk<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u62a5\u544a<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u7136<code>awk<\/code>\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f<code>linux<\/code>\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>awk\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<code>awk &#039;BEGIN {} pattern {commands} END {}&#039; file_name<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<code>standard output | awk BEGIN {} pattern {commands} END {}<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<code> awk -f awk-script-file filenames<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BEGIN {}<\/td>\n<td>\u6b63\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pattern<\/td>\n<td>\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0cgrep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>{commands}<\/td>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c{print $2,$3}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>END {}<\/td>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6570\u636e\u540e\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-1728218077547.png\" alt=\"file\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u542b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>BGIN {}<\/code>\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u4e861\/2<\/li>\n<li><code>{}<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u6709\u4e09\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u6b21<code>print<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>END {}<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>awk\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p><code>awk -F : &#039;{print $1,$3}&#039; \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<code>$0<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f<\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5df2\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece<code>$1<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<code>FS<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>-F<\/code>\u4fee\u8ba2<\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u884c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<code>print<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5206\u5272\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u5728\u6253\u5370\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a0\u4e0a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>$1,$3<\/code>\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u9017\u53f7\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u81f3<code>OFS<\/code>\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c<code>OFS<\/code>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728<code>$0<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5206\u9694\u6210\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6240\u6709\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5165\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff08<code>RS<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u8bfb\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9<code>$0<\/code>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u7f16\u53f7\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9<code>NR<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5<code>FS<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u5217\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<code>$1 $2 $3<\/code>\u7b49\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06\u5206\u9694\u540e\u7684\u603b\u5217\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9<code>NF<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>print<\/code>\uff0c<code>$1,$3<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9017\u53f7\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7531<code>OFS<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u683c<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u7531<code>ORS<\/code>\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>awk\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>$0<\/td>\n<td>\u6574\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>$1-$n<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u7b2c1-n\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NF<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5217<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NR<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FS<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u6216tab\u952e\u5206\u9694<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RS<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u56de\u8f66\u6362\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OFS<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ORS<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56de\u8f66\u6362\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3<code>awk<\/code>\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u5982\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat awk_file.txt\nll 1990 50 51 61\nkk 1991 60 52 62\nhh 1992 70 53 63\njj 1993 80 54 64\nmm 1994 90 55 65<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>FS\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>FS<\/code>\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u6216<code>tab<\/code>\u952e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;{print $1}&#039; awk_file.txt\nll\nkk\nhh\njj\nmm<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c2\u5217\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat awk_file.txt\nll:1990 50 51 61\nkk:1991 60 52 62\nhh 1992 70 53 63\njj 1993 80 54 64\nmm 1994 90 55 65\n\n# \u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u6216\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\nawk -F &#039;[ :]&#039; &#039;{print $2}&#039; awk_file.txt\n1990\n1991\n1992\n1993\n1994<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat awk_file.txt\nll::1990 50 51 61\nkk:  1991 60 52 62\nhh ::  1992 70 53 63\njj  1993 80 54 64\nmm 1994 90 55 65\n\n# \u8fde\u7eed\u76841\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u76841\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u6765\u5904\u7406\nawk -F &#039;[ :]+&#039; &#039;{print $2}&#039; awk_file.txt\n1990\n1991\n1992\n1993\n1994<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>NF\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>NF<\/code>\u4fdd\u5b58\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<code>print<\/code>\u6253\u5370\uff0c<code>NF<\/code>\u548c<code>$NF<\/code>\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n<code>$NF<\/code>\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F &#039;[ :]+&#039; &#039;{print NF,$NF}&#039; awk_file.txt\n5 61\n5 62\n5 63\n5 64\n5 65<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u9760\u6570\u5217\u6570\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u6253\u5370\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F &#039;[ :]+&#039; &#039;{print $(NF-1)}&#039; awk_file.txt\n51\n52\n53\n54\n55<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>NR\u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u884c\u884c\u53f7<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>NR<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u884c\u884c\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>print<\/code>\u6253\u5370<code>NR<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0<code>NR<\/code>\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;{print NR,$0}&#039; awk_file.txt\n1 ll::1990 50 51 61\n2 kk:  1991 60 52 62\n3 hh ::  1992 70 53 63\n4 jj  1993 80 54 64\n5 mm 1994 90 55 65<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;NR&gt;1&amp;&amp;NR&lt;4 {print NR,$0}&#039; awk_file.txt\n2 kk:  1991 60 52 62\n3 hh ::  1992 70 53 63\n\n# \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\nawk &#039;NR==3 {print NR,$0}&#039; awk_file.txt\n3 hh ::  1992 70 53 63<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;NR==3 {print NR,$1}&#039; awk_file.txt\n3 hh<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>RS\u8bfb\u5165\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>RS<\/code>\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u6307\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u51c6\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat file.txt\nLinux|Shell|Nginx--docker|Gitlab|jenkins--mysql|redis|mongodb<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5<code>--<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5165\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {RS=&quot;--&quot;} {print $0}&#039; file.txt\nLinux|Shell|Nginx\ndocker|Gitlab|jenkins\nmysql|redis|mongodb<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>OFS\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>OFS<\/code>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b<code>OFS<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7a7a\u683c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {RS=&quot;--&quot;;FS=&quot;|&quot;;OFS=&quot;:&quot;} {print $1,$2,$3}&#039; file.txt\nLinux:Shell:Nginx\ndocker:Gitlab:jenkins\nmysql:redis:mongodb<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>ORS\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<code>ORS<\/code>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a<code>\\n<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {RS=&quot;--&quot;;FS=&quot;|&quot;;OFS=&quot;:&quot;;ORS=&quot;===&quot;} {print $1,$2,$3}&#039; file.txt\nLinux:Shell:Nginx===docker:Gitlab:jenkins===mysql:redis:mongodb<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>awk\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51faprintf<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>printf<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u751f\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>printf\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u683c\u5f0f\u7b26<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>%s<\/td>\n<td>\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>%d<\/td>\n<td>\u6253\u5370\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u6574\u6570\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>%f<\/td>\n<td>\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08\u5c0f\u6570\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>%x<\/td>\n<td>\u6253\u5370\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\n<td>\u542b\u4e49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-<\/td>\n<td>\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+<\/td>\n<td>\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>printf\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><code>printf<\/code>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} { printf $1 }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nrootbindaemonadmlpsyncshutdownhaltmailoperatorgames<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u52a0\u5165\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} { printf &quot;%s\\n&quot;,$1 }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot\nbin\ndaemon\nadm\nlp\nsync\nshutdown\nhalt\nmail\noperator\ngames<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\u7f8e\u5316\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} { printf &quot;%20s %20s\\n&quot;,$1,$7 }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\n            root            \/bin\/bash\n             bin        \/sbin\/nologin\n          daemon        \/sbin\/nologin\n             adm        \/sbin\/nologin\n              lp        \/sbin\/nologin\n            sync            \/bin\/sync\n        shutdown       \/sbin\/shutdown\n            halt           \/sbin\/halt\n            mail        \/sbin\/nologin\n        operator        \/sbin\/nologin\n           games        \/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c<code>-<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} { printf &quot;%-20s %-20s\\n&quot;,$1,$7 }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot                 \/bin\/bash\nbin                  \/sbin\/nologin\ndaemon               \/sbin\/nologin\nadm                  \/sbin\/nologin\nlp                   \/sbin\/nologin\nsync                 \/bin\/sync\nshutdown             \/sbin\/shutdown\nhalt                 \/sbin\/halt\nmail                 \/sbin\/nologin\noperator             \/sbin\/nologin\ngames                \/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>printf\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f8e\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u7ee9\u8868<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student.txt\noldxu      80   90   96   98\nxiaowang   93   98   92   91\nxiaohong   78   76   87   92\nxiaoming   86   89   68   92\nxiaoxiao   85   95   75   90<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7f16\u5199<code>awk<\/code>\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student.awk\nBEGIN{\n    printf &quot;%-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s\\n&quot;,&quot;Name&quot;,&quot;Yuwen&quot;,&quot;Shuxue&quot;,&quot;Yingyu&quot;,&quot;Tiyu&quot;\n}\n{\n    printf &quot;%-10s %-10d %-10d %-10d %-10d\\n&quot;,$1,$2,$3,$4,$5\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -f student.awk student.txt\nName       Yuwen      Shuxue     Yingyu     Tiyu\noldxu      80         90         96         98\nxiaowang   93         98         92         91\nxiaohong   78         76         87         92\nxiaoming   86         89         68         92\nxiaoxiao   85         95         75         90<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>awk\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff1a<code>RegExp<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>awk<\/code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u8fd0\u7b97\u5339\u914d\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u5339\u914d\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>RegExp\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u4e2d\u542b\u6709<code>root<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} \/root\/ {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\noperator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5<code>root<\/code>\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;\/^root\/ {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;\/\\\/bin\\\/bash$\/&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nwww:x:666:666::\/home\/www:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u5339\u914d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5339\u914d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>&lt;<\/code>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>&gt;<\/code>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>&lt;=<\/code>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>&gt;=<\/code>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>==<\/code>\uff1a\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>!=<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>~<\/code>\uff1a\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<li><code>!~<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c0f\u4e8e50\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $3&lt;50 {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin\nadm:x:3:4:adm:\/var\/adm:\/sbin\/nologin\nlp:x:4:7:lp:\/var\/spool\/lpd:\/sbin\/nologin\nsync:x:5:0:sync:\/sbin:\/bin\/sync<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5927\u4e8e50\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $3&gt;50 {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\ndbus:x:81:81:System message bus:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\npolkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:\/var\/empty\/sshd:\/sbin\/nologin\npostfix:x:89:89::\/var\/spool\/postfix:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a<code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $7==&quot;\/bin\/bash&quot; {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nwww:x:666:666::\/home\/www:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4e3a<code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $7!=&quot;\/bin\/bash&quot; {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin\nadm:x:3:4:adm:\/var\/adm:\/sbin\/nologin\nlp:x:4:7:lp:\/var\/spool\/lpd:\/sbin\/nologin\nsync:x:5:0:sync:\/sbin:\/bin\/sync<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u542b3\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $3 ~ \/[0-9]{3,}\/ {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\npolkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nchrony:x:998:996::\/var\/lib\/chrony:\/sbin\/nologin\nnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:\/var\/lib\/nfs:\/sbin\/nologin\nzabbix:x:997:995:Zabbix Monitoring System:\/var\/lib\/zabbix:\/sbin\/nologin\nnginx:x:996:994:nginx user:\/var\/cache\/nginx:\/sbin\/nologin\nwww:x:666:666::\/home\/www:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\u5339\u914d\u7b26\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>&amp;&amp;<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0e<\/li>\n<li><code>||<\/code>\uff1a\u6216<\/li>\n<li><code>!<\/code>\uff1a\u975e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u542b<code>ftp<\/code>\u6216<code>mail<\/code>\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $1==&quot;ftp&quot; || $1==&quot;mail&quot; {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nmail:x:8:12:mail:\/var\/spool\/mail:\/sbin\/nologin\nftp:x:14:50:FTP User:\/var\/ftp:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c0f\u4e8e50\u5e76\u4e14\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5927\u4e8e50\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $3&lt;50 &amp;&amp; $4&gt;50 {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\ngames:x:12:100:games:\/usr\/games:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709<code>\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN{FS=&quot;:&quot;} $0 !~ \/\\\/sbin\\\/nologin\/ {print $0}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nsync:x:5:0:sync:\/sbin:\/bin\/sync\nshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:\/sbin:\/sbin\/shutdown\nhalt:x:7:0:halt:\/sbin:\/sbin\/halt\nwww:x:666:666::\/home\/www:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5339\u914d\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>+<\/code>\uff1a\u52a0<\/li>\n<li><code>-<\/code>\uff1a\u51cf<\/li>\n<li><code>*<\/code>\uff1a\u4e58<\/li>\n<li><code>\/<\/code>\uff1a\u9664<\/li>\n<li><code>%<\/code>\uff1a\u6a21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5206\u6570\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student.txt\noldxu      80   90   96   98\nxiaowang   93   98   92   91\nxiaohong   78   76   87   92\nxiaoming   86   89   68   92\nxiaoxiao   85   95   75   90<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u5199<code>awk<\/code>\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b66\u5458\u6210\u7ee9\u5e73\u5747\u503c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student2.awk\nBEGIN{\n    printf &quot;%-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s\\n&quot;,&quot;Name&quot;,&quot;Yuwen&quot;,&quot;Shuxue&quot;,&quot;Yingyu&quot;,&quot;Tiyu&quot;,&quot;AVG&quot;\n}\n{\n    total=$2+$3+$4+$5\n    avg=total\/(NF-1)\n    printf &quot;%-10s %-10d %-10d %-10d %-10d %-10d\\n&quot;,$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,avg\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -f student2.awk student.txt\nName       Yuwen      Shuxue     Yingyu     Tiyu       AVG\noldxu      80         90         96         98         91\nxiaowang   93         98         92         91         93\nxiaohong   78         76         87         92         83\nxiaoming   86         89         68         92         83\nxiaoxiao   85         95         75         90         86<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>awk\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad<\/h3>\n<h4>\u5355\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>if<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>{if(\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f) {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}}<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F : &#039;{ if($3==0) {print $1 &quot; is administrator&quot;} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot is administrator<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F : &#039;{ if($3&gt;0 &amp;&amp; $3&lt;1000) {i++} } END {print i}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\n26<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F : &#039;{ if($3&gt;1000) {i++} } END {print i}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\n1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u53ea\u6253\u5370<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u572850-100\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F : &#039;{ if($3&gt;50  &amp;&amp; $3&lt;100) print $0 } &#039; \/etc\/passwd\nnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\ndbus:x:81:81:System message bus:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:\/var\/empty\/sshd:\/sbin\/nologin\npostfix:x:89:89::\/var\/spool\/postfix:\/sbin\/nologin\ntcpdump:x:72:72::\/:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u53cc\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h4>\n<p><code>if...else<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>{if(\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f) {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}<\/code><br \/>\n<code>else {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}}<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u7b2c3\u5217\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e0\u5219\u6253\u5370\u7b2c7\u5217<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;} { if ($3==0) {print $1} else {print $7} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot\n\/sbin\/nologin\n\/sbin\/nologin\n\/sbin\/nologin\n\/sbin\/nologin\n\/bin\/sync<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u7b2c3\u5217\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u6b63\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN {FS=&quot;:&quot;;OFS=&quot;\\n&quot;} { if ($3==0) {i++} else {j++} } END {print i &quot; \u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&quot;,j &quot; \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237&quot;}&#039; \/etc\/passwd\n1 \u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\n27 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h4>\n<p><code>if...else if...else<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>{if(\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f) {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}<\/code><br \/>\n<code>else if(\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f2) {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}<\/code><br \/>\n<code>else {\u8bed\u53e5;\u8bed\u53e5;...}}<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>awk if<\/code>\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7531\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat passwd_count.awk\nBEGIN {\n    FS=&quot;:&quot;;OFS=&quot;\\n&quot;\n}\n{\n    if($3==0)\n            {i++}\n    else if ($3&gt;0 &amp;&amp; $3&lt;1001)\n            {j++}\n    else\n            {k++}\n}\nEND {\n    print i &quot; \u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&quot;,\n          j &quot; \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237&quot;,\n          k &quot; \u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237&quot;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -f passwd_count.awk   \/etc\/passwd\n1 \u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\n26 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\n1 \u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6253\u5370<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<code>UID<\/code>\u5c0f\u4e8e50\u3001\u6216<code>UID<\/code>\u5927\u4e8e50\u5c0f\u4e8e100\u3001\u6216<code>UID<\/code>\u5927\u4e8e100\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca<code>UID<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat if.awk\nBEGIN {\n    FS=&quot;:&quot;\n}\n{\n    if ($3&lt;50)\n    {\n            printf &quot;%-20s %-20s %-10d\\n&quot;,&quot;UID&lt;50&quot;,$1,$3\n    }\n    else if ($3&gt;50 &amp;&amp; $3&lt;100)\n            printf &quot;%-20s %-20s %-10d\\n&quot;,&quot;50&lt;UID&lt;100&quot;,$1,$3\n    else\n    {\n            printf &quot;%-20s %-20s %-10d\\n&quot;,&quot;UID&gt;100&quot;,$1,$3\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -f if.awk \/etc\/passwd\nUID&lt;50               root                 0\nUID&lt;50               bin                  1\nUID&lt;50               daemon               2\nUID&lt;50               adm                  3\nUID&lt;50               lp                   4\nUID&lt;50               sync                 5\nUID&lt;50               shutdown             6\nUID&lt;50               halt                 7\nUID&lt;50               mail                 8\nUID&lt;50               operator             11\nUID&lt;50               games                12\nUID&lt;50               ftp                  14\n50&lt;UID&lt;100           nobody               99\nUID&gt;100              systemd-network      192\n50&lt;UID&lt;100           dbus                 81\nUID&gt;100              polkitd              999\n50&lt;UID&lt;100           sshd                 74\n50&lt;UID&lt;100           postfix              89\nUID&gt;100              chrony               998\nUID&lt;50               rpc                  32\nUID&lt;50               rpcuser              29\nUID&gt;100              nfsnobody            65534\nUID&gt;100              zabbix               997\nUID&gt;100              nginx                996\nUID&lt;50               apache               48\nUID&lt;50               mysql                27\nUID&gt;100              www                  666\n50&lt;UID&lt;100           tcpdump              72<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0b\u5217\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6570\u5927\u4e8e90\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5206\u6570\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student.txt\noldxu      80   90   96   98\nxiaowang   93   98   92   91\nxiaohong   78   76   87   92\nxiaoming   86   89   68   92\nxiaoxiao   85   95   75   90<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7f16\u5199<code>awk<\/code>\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat student3.awk\nBEGIN{\n    printf &quot;%-20s %-20s %-20s %-20s %-20s %-20s\\n&quot;,&quot;Name&quot;,&quot;Chinese&quot;,&quot;English&quot;,&quot;Math&quot;,&quot;Physical&quot;,&quot;Average&quot;\n}\n{\n    sum=$2+$3+$4+$5\n    avg=sum\/4\n\n    if (avg&gt;90) {\n            printf &quot;%-20s %-20d %-20d %-20d %-20d %-0.2f\\n&quot;,$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,avg\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -f student3.awk   student.txt\nName                 Chinese              English              Math                 Physical             Average\noldxu                80                   90                   96                   98                   91.00\nxiaowang             93                   98                   92                   91                   93.50<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>awk\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>while<\/code>\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n<li><code>for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>while\u5faa\u73af<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>while<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\uff1a<code>while<\/code>\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff09\u52a8\u4f5c\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN { i=1;while(i&lt;=10)  {print i;i++} }&#039;\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\nawk -F : &#039;{ i=1;while(i&lt;=NF)  {print $i;i++} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot\nx\n0\n0\nroot\n\/root\n\/bin\/bash\nbin\nx\n1\n1\nbin\n\/bin\n\/sbin\/nologin\nawk -F : &#039;{ i=1;while(i&lt;=2)  {print $0;i++} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\ncat b.txt\n111 222\n333 444 555\n666 777 888 999\ncat b.txt | xargs -n1\n111\n222\n333\n444\n555\n666\n777\n888\n999\nawk &#039;{ i=1;while(i&lt;=NF) {print $i;i++} }&#039; b.txt\n111\n222\n333\n444\n555\n666\n777\n888\n999<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>for\u5faa\u73af<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\uff1a<code>for<\/code>\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8ba1\u6570\u5668;\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6d4b\u8bd5:\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u53d8\u66f4\uff09\u52a8\u4f5c\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk &#039;BEGIN { for(i=1;i&lt;=5;i++)  {print i} }&#039;\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\nawk -F : &#039;{ for(i=1;i&lt;=2;i++)  {print $0} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\nawk -F : &#039;{ for(i=1;i&lt;=NF;i++)  {print $i} }&#039; \/etc\/passwd\nroot\nx\n0\n0\nroot\n\/root\n\/bin\/bash\nbin\nx\n1\n1\nbin\n\/bin\n\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5faa\u73af\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97<code>1+2+3+4+5+...100<\/code>\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528<code>while\u3001for<\/code>\u4e24\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># while \u5faa\u73af\nawk &#039;BEGIN { while(i=1;i&lt;=100) { sum=i+sum;i++ } print sum }&#039;\n5050\n# for \u5faa\u73af\nawk &#039;BEGIN { for(i=1;i&lt;=100;i++) { sum=i+sum } print sum }&#039;\n5050<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>awk\u6570\u7ec4<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fawk\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u7ec4\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u533a\u5206 \u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4 \u666e\u901a\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>awk\u6570\u7ec4\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbf\u95ee<code>top10<\/code>\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9<code>url<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee<code>top10<\/code>\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>awk\u6570\u7ec4\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u5728<code>awk<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>1 2 3 .. n<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2.\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8c01\u5c31\u5c06\u8c01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u76f8\u540c\u7d22\u5f15\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u589e\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u904d\u5386\u7d22\u5f15\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>awk\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<code>array_name[index]=value<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b<code>shell<\/code>\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat passwd_shell_count.awk\nBEGIN{\n        FS=&quot;:&quot;\n}\n# \u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3aawk\u662f\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\n{\n        shell[$NF]++\n}\n# \u8d4b\u503c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u904d\u5386\u51fa\u6765\nEND{\n        for (item in shell) {\n                print item,shell[item]\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f passwd_shell_count.awk \/etc\/passwd\n\/bin\/sync 1\n\/bin\/bash 2\n\/sbin\/nologin 23\n\/sbin\/halt 1\n\/sbin\/shutdown 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6240\u6709<code>tcp<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u6570\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u4e2a<code>tcp<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7c7b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -anp | grep tcp | awk &#039;{arr[$6]++} END {for (i in arr) print i,arr[i]}&#039;\nLISTEN 8\nESTABLISHED 1\nFIN_WAIT2 1\nTIME_WAIT 37<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>awk\u6570\u7ec4\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>awk<\/code>\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9<code>nginx<\/code>\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\uff0c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740top10<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat nginx_top_10.awk\n{\n        cip[$1]++\n}\n\nEND {\n        for ( i in cip ) {\n                print cip[i],i\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f nginx_top_10.awk \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log | sort -rn | head -10\n101 10.168.99.10\n5 10.168.99.14<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u9875\u9762top10<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat nginx_request_top10.awk\n{\n        page[$7]++\n}\n\nEND {\n        for ( i in page ) {\n                print page[i],i\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f nginx_request_top10.awk \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log | sort -rn | head -10\n48 \/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php\n8 \/?cat=14\n4 \/\n3 \/wp-includes\/js\/admin-bar.min.js?ver=6.6.2\n3 \/wp-includes\/css\/admin-bar.min.css?ver=6.6.2\n2 \/wp-login.php\n2 \/wp-includes\/js\/wplink.min.js?ver=6.6.2\n2 \/wp-includes\/js\/wp-ajax-response.min.js?ver=6.6.2\n2 \/wp-includes\/js\/thickbox\/thickbox.js?ver=3.1-20121105\n2 \/wp-includes\/js\/jquery\/ui\/sortable.min.js?ver=1.13.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u5927\u4e8e10\u7684ip<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat nginx_top_10_2.awk\n{\n        cip[$1]++\n}\n\nEND {\n        for ( i in cip ) {\n                if (cip[i] &gt; 10) {\n                        print cip[i],i\n                }\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f nginx_top_10_2.awk \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log | sort -rn | head -10\n116 10.168.99.10<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2aurl\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5bb9\u603b\u5927\u5c0f<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2aurl\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5bb9\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\ncat ngx_request_size.awk\n{\n        url[$7]+=$10\n        count[$7]++\n}\n\nEND {\n        for ( i in url ) {\n                print url[i]\/1024&quot;KB&quot;,count[i],i\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f ngx_request_size.awk \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log | sort  -rn\n204.215KB 1 \/wp-admin\/edit.php\n204.079KB 1 \/wp-admin\/post.php?post=963&amp;action=edit\n192.65KB 1 \/wp-admin\/post.php?post=1183&amp;action=edit&amp;message=1\n192.115KB 1 \/wp-admin\/post.php?post=1183&amp;action=edit<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u7edf\u8ba1\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a404\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat ngx_status_404.awk\n{\n        status[$9]++\n}\n\nEND {\n        for ( i in status ) {\n                if (i == 404) {\n                        print status[i],i\n                }\n        }\n}\n\nawk -f ngx_status_404.awk \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\n3 404<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>awk\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fawk awk\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u62a5\u544a \u5f53\u7136awk\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00&#8230; &raquo; <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/?p=963\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-shell"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=963"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1840,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963\/revisions\/1840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blue.yn.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}